To break down large insoluble molecules so they can be transported around the body
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Digestion of Food Molecules - Groups
Carbohydrates are digested into sugars e.g starch to glucose, Fats to glycerol and fatty acids, and Proteins into amino acids
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Test for Starch
Iodine solution, colour change from brown to blue-black
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Test for Glucose
Benedict's solution and heat in water bath, goes cloudy and blue to green to orange then brick red
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Test for Protein
Biuret solution, pale blue to purple
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Three main parts of the Digestive system
Digestion - breakdown of food, Absorption - transfer of breakdown products into the blood, and Egestion - removal of undigested food
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Digestive system - Mouth
Begins digestion of starch enzyme: carbohydrase
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Digestive system -Oesophagus
Food is moved via peristalsis (contraction of muscles)
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Digestive system - Stomach
Begins digestion of protein enzyme: protease
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Digestive system - Liver and Gall Bladder
Liver produces bile and the Gall Bladder stores it, then releases it into the small intestine
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Digestive system - Pancreas
Produces carbohydrase and lipase, both act in small intestine
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Digestive system - Small Intestine
Starch completes digestion, completes digestion of protein to amino acids, fats digested into fatty acids and glycerol, and completes digestion of carbohydrate to glucose. The broken down products are absorbed here
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Digestive system - Large Intestine
Reabsorbs water that has been added in digestive juices
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Digestive system -Rectum and Anus
Faeces are stored in the rectum before egestion and faeces are egested from the anus
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Peristasis
Contraction of muscles in the Oesophagus to move food down to the stomach. The contracting muscles push to food down
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Digestive enzymes - Carbohydrase
Breakdown complex carbohydrates into simple sugars like glucose. Are produced in the mouth, pancreas and small intestine
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Digestive enzymes - Protease
Digest proteins into amino acids, found in stomach and small intestine
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Digestive enzymes - Lipase
Convert fats into glycerol and fatty acids. Produced by the pancreas and small intestine
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Function of Bile
Bile emulsifies the fats, splitting them into small droplets. Making the surface area greater for the lipase enzymes to work on
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Function of Villi
The villi are on the walls of the small intestine and absorb the the useful contents before they reach the large intestine.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Digestion of Food Molecules - Groups
Back
Carbohydrates are digested into sugars e.g starch to glucose, Fats to glycerol and fatty acids, and Proteins into amino acids
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