biology exam 23rd march

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  • Created by: jenna213
  • Created on: 09-03-22 19:05
How is the structure of the nervous system adapted to its functions?
They have a long fibre (axon). They have tiny branches (dendrons).
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What does the nervous system enable humans to do?
It enables humans to react to their surroundings and co-ordinate their behaviour.
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Put these words in order: coordinator, stimulus, receptor, effector and response.
Stimulus, receptor, coordinator, effector and response.
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How is information from receptors passed along neurones?
The information is sent as electrical impulses to the central nervous system.
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What does the central nervous system (CNS) consist of?
The brain and the spinal cord.
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What does the CNS do?
The CNS coordinates the response of effectors which may be muscles contracting or glands secreting hormones.
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Why are reflex actions important?
They are rapid and fast; they do not involve the conscious part of our brain so often they can help us.
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How does a sensory neuron relate to its function?
Sensory neurons are the nerve cells that are activated by sensory input from the environment.
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How does a synapse relate to its function?
Synapses connect neurons in the brain to neurons in the rest of the body and from those neurons to the muscles.
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How does a relay neuron relate to its function?
Relay neurons connect sensory neurons to motor neurons.
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How does a motor neuron relate to its function?
Motor neurons are the nerve cells responsible for carrying signals away from the central nervous system towards muscles to cause movement.
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What is the body temperature monitored and controlled by?
The thermoregulatory system in the brain.
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The thermoregulatory system contains receptors that are sensitive to the...
temperature of the blood.
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True or false? Does the skin contain temperature receptors.
True - The skin contains temperature receptors and they send electrical impulses to the thermoregulatory centre.
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What will the body do when the body temperature gets too high?
The body will sweat, the sweat from the surface of the skin evaporates and this cools the body down. The blood vessels also dilate.
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What will the body do when the body temperature gets too low?
The body will start to shiver, the skeletal muscles will contract to cause an increase in the rate of respiration and heat is released. The blood vessels constrict.
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What is vasodilation?
Vasodilation is when the blood vessels supplying the capillaries dilate AKA getting wider.
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What is vasoconstriction?
Vasoconstriction is when the blood vessels supplying the capillaries constrict AKA getting narrower.
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What is the endocrine system?
The endocrine system is composed of glands that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream.
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How is the endocrine system different to the nervous system?
The endocrine system targets a specific organ and it produces an effect, the effects are slower but act for longer unlike the nervous system.
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What is the function of the pancreas?
The pancreas controls the concentration of glucose in the blood.
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What is the function of the ovaries and testes?
The ovaries and testes are in charge of puberty and reproduction.
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What is the function of the thyroid gland?
The thyroid gland controls hormones which are involved in growth and it is in charge of regulating the body's metabolic rate.
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What is the function of the adrenal gland?
The adrenal gland is in charge of the hormone adrenaline.
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What is the function of the pituitary gland?
The pituitary gland causes other hormones to be released and it is in the brain so the pituitary gland is seen as the master gland.
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What happens if the blood glucose concentration is too high?
If the blood glucose concentration is too high, the pancreas produces the hormone insulin that causes glucose to move from the blood into the cells.
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What happens with excess glucose?
In liver and muscle cells excess glucose is converted into glycogen for storage.
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What is type 1 diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes is a disorder in which the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin.
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How can type 1 diabetes be treated?
Type 1 diabetes can be treated with insulin injections.
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What is type 2 diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes is when the body cells no longer respond to the insulin produced by the pancreas.
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How can type 2 diabetes be treated?
Type 2 diabetes can be treated by a carbohydrate-controlled diet and an exercise regime.
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What is a risk of type 2 diabetes?
Obesity is a risk of type 2 obesity.
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What happens if the blood concentration is too low?
If the blood concentration is too low, the pancreas produces the hormone glucagon that causes glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into the blood.
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How does glucagon interact with insulin in a negative feedback cycle to control blood glucose (sugar) levels in the body?
Glucagon interacts with the liver to increase blood sugar, while insulin reduces blood sugar by helping the cells use glucose.
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The kidneys produce urine by...
...filtration of the blood.
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How does the hormone ADH work?
The hormone ADH is released by the pituitary gland when the blood is too concentrated and it causes more water to be reabsorbed back into the blood from the kidney tubules.
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What is kidney dialysis?
Kidney dialysis is when the patient's blood passes over a semi-permeable membrane through a kidney dialysis machine.
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What are the disadvantages of a kidney transplant?
You must take anti-rejection drugs, there could be a shortage of donors and it is initially expensive.
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What are the advantages of a kidney transplant?
You would go back to living a normal life
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What are the disadvantages of kidney dialysis?
It requires a controlled diet, frequent treatments and it is expensive long term.
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What are the advantages of kidney dialysis?
There will never be a shortage of machines so this is a good option.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What does the nervous system enable humans to do?

Back

It enables humans to react to their surroundings and co-ordinate their behaviour.

Card 3

Front

Put these words in order: coordinator, stimulus, receptor, effector and response.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How is information from receptors passed along neurones?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What does the central nervous system (CNS) consist of?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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