biology- diseases

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  • Created by: cloud12
  • Created on: 01-05-21 10:31
pathogen
a disease causing organism (eg. fungi, protist, bacteria, virus)
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communicable disease
a disease caused by a pathogen and can be spread from person to person (eg. cholera)
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noncommunicable disease
a disease caused by a pathogen which can not be spread from person to person (eg. heart disease)
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bacteria infections
- prokaryotic cells
- invade the body, multiplying rapidly
- produce toxins which damage cells/tissue which leads to illness
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salmonella
- caused by poor food hygiene or undercooked meat
- symptoms= sickness diahorrea
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gonorrhea
- STI
- symptoms= green/yellow discharge from genitals and pain when urinating
- prevention= barrier contraception (condoms)
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viral infections
- they are not cells, they are genetic material surrounded by a protein coat
- small enough to get inside our cells
- use the host cell to replicate themselves
- they damage the cells and spread
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measles
- spread via droplets
- symptoms= red skin rash and high temperature
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HIV
- spread through bodily fluids
- damages the immune system
- can be managed using antiretroviral drugs
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Tabaco Mosaic Virus
- causes patches of discoloration on the leaves
-plant has less chlorophyll, less light is absorbed for photosynthesis, less glucoses made and therefore less energy for growth
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fungal infections
- eukaryotic cells
- grow in warm moist conditions
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rose black spot
- causes black patches on the leaves
- treatment= remove burn the infected plant material
- stunt the growth of plants
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protist
- eukaryotic
- unicellular
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malaria
- parasite that infects our liver and blood cells
- spread by a vector (mosquitos)
- mosquito bites a human and inject their saliva containing the parasite
- destroys cells and tissues
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reducing the spread of malaria
- remove mosquito breeding grounds
- insecticides
- antimalarial drugs
- vaccination
- sleeping under a mosquito net
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first line of defense against a disease
- skin
- stomach acid HCl
- mucous membranes trap pathogens
- clotting platelets
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second line of defense against a disease
- immune system
- antibody producing cells
- engulfing white blood cells
- antitoxins releasing white blood cells
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antibody producing cells
produce antibodies which bind onto the antigens on the surface of pathogens
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engulfing white blood cells
engulf the pathogen, taking it into the cell and destroying it
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antitoxin releasing white blood cells
neutralize the toxins release from pathogens so tissues are not damages
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vaccination
- dead or weak versions of the pathogen is injected into the body
- white blood cells produce the antibodies against the antigens on the pathogen
- some of these antibodies will remain in the immune system, when real version of pathogen enters body, antib
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pain killers
treat symptoms of the disease but doesn't kill the pathogen (example= paracetamol)
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antibiotics
- used to treat bacterial infections
- kill bacteria without damaging the cells
- example= penicillin
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antibiotic resistance
- if bacteria is exposed to low concentrations it doesn't kill all the pathogen
-leads to random mutations when bacteria multiplies
- makes bacteria resistant to the antibodies
- resistant bacteria replicate quickly and are no longer affected by the ant
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

a disease caused by a pathogen and can be spread from person to person (eg. cholera)

Back

communicable disease

Card 3

Front

a disease caused by a pathogen which can not be spread from person to person (eg. heart disease)

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

- prokaryotic cells
- invade the body, multiplying rapidly
- produce toxins which damage cells/tissue which leads to illness

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

- caused by poor food hygiene or undercooked meat
- symptoms= sickness diahorrea

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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