biology continued on from structure of the leaf and photosynthesis adaption and up to the heart

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What do plants use nitrate minerals for
For making amino acids, which are required for making proteins
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what do plants use magnesium minerals for
for making chlorophyll
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Experiment 3 describe an experiment to investigate photosynthesis
three leaves and leaf A has a piece of black paper covering it and leaf B is left with soda lime in a bell jar and leaf C is variegated so half is coveredA some parts went blue black others stayed yellowBleaf stays orangeCnonvariegatedDIDNTgogreen
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Experiment 3 what does putting the leaf with soda lime in a bell jar do
it takes away the carbon dioxide so no photosynthesis can take place
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Experiment 3 what does covering part of the leaf do
it derives the leaf from sunlight
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Experiment 3 what does variegating the leaf(taking away the outside of the leaf
only the centre was green
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what is a source and what is the function of carbohydrates
source= pasta, rice function= source of energy
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what is a source and what is the function of proteins
source=meat, fish, eggs function= growth and repair of cells
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what is a source and what is the function of lipids
source= cheese, butter function= source of energy and in the body lipids provide storage and insulation
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what is a source and what is the function of vitamin C
source= citrus fruits (oranges, lemons and limes)function= is needed to heal wound and maintain healthy connective tissue. deficiency= scurvy
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what is a source and what is the function of vitamin D
source=eggs, oily fish function=healthy bones and teeth deficiency= rickets
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what is a source and what is the function of vitamin A
source= milk and dairy function= good vision, healthy skin and strong immunity against the infection deficiency= blindness
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what is a source and what is the function of calcium
source=cheese, eggs, milk function=strong bones helps regular blood clotting deficiency weak bones and muscle spasms
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what is a source and what is the function of iron
source=red meat, beans and nuts function=producing haemoglobin in red blood cells deficiency= anaemia
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what is a source and what is the function of water
source=food, drinks function= producing cytoplasm
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what is a source and what is the function of dietary fibre
source= fruit, vegetables function=moves food and faeces along the guy deficiency= constipation
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what is the function of the mouth
where food is mechanically digested and where digestion begins
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what is the function of the oesophagus
muscular tube which moves ingested food to the stomach
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what is the function of the stomach
muscular organ where digestion continues
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what is the function of the small intestine(two parts)
DUODENUMwhere food is mixed with digestive enzymes and bileILEUMwhere digested food is absorbed into the blood and lymph
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what is the function of the pancreas
produces digestive enzymes
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explain the process of ingestion
when you put food or drink into your mouth
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explain the process of digestion
breaking down large, insoluble nutrient molecules into small, soluble ones that can be absorbed
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explain mechanical digestion
teeth, muscles and bile break up lumps of food into a fine mush so there is a large surface area for the enzymes to work on
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expalin chemical digestion
enzymes breaking down the large molecules into small ones that can be absorbed
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explain absorption
small digested nutrient molecules move through intestine wall into the blood
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explain assimilation
digested nutrients travel to the cells in the blood
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explain egestion
undigested food and excess water leave the body through the anus
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explain peristalsis
food is pushed through the alimentary canal by contractions of muscles in the walls of the canal. The squeezing action of the gut that pushes food along is called PERISTALSIS
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what enzyme digests starch to sugars(glucose)
Amylase
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what enzyme digests proteins to amino acids
protease
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what enzyme digests lipids to fatty acids+glycerol
Lipase
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where is bile produced and stored
produced in liver and stored in gall bladder
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what does bile do in the stomach
bile will neutralise the stomach acid bile will also emulsify lipids (make smaller droplets from a large one to increase the surface area for more enzymes to work on
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describe the structure of the villi and how it helps the absorption of products into the bloodstream
1it has a large surface 2 There is a network of capillaries inside the villi and the cell walls are only 1 cell thick so it is easy for DIFFUSION AND OSMOSIS to take place
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What does the process of respiration do in living organisms
it releases energy
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what is the differences between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration
aerobic respiration requires oxygen and is efficient and will not create any harmful chemicals and anaerobic respiration will produce lactic acid when respiring but this will only happen when there is an oxygen debt
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what is the word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
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what is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2→ 6CO2 + 6H2O
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what is the role of diffusion in the gas exchange
when the CO2 arrives there is more in the capillaries produced by the cells respiring so the CO2 diffuses into the air in the alveoli and is excreted via breathing
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explain the gas exchange of plants
plants respire ALL THE TIME and photosynthesis ONLY IN THE DAY
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how has the structure of the leaf adapted for gas exchange
pic of leaf/the spongy mesophyll are loosely packed and covered by a thin film of water. There are tiny pores called stomata in the surface. most of these are away from sunlight in the lower epidermis to avoid losing water
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describe the role of the stomata in gas exchange
the role is to open to allow gases to pass in and out and this happens in the day when the guard cells are turgid as they absorb a lot of water
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describe the role of the trachea
it branches into two bronchi one to each lung and cartilage rings in the walls of the . trachea help to keep it open
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describe the bronchi
bronchi split into smaller tubes called bronchioles
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describe the bronchioles
small tubes from which the bronchi divide into
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describe the pleural membrane
Thin moise membranes surrounding the lungs that make .an airtight seal
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describe the diapghragm
a large sheet of muscle under the lung that will contract to breath in decreasing the pressure in the lung and relaxing to increase the pressure in the lung
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describe the role of the intercostal muscles breathing in
the external intercostal muscles contract when breathing in pulling the ribcage upwards and outwards and the intercostal muscles will relax
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describe the role of the intercostal muscles breathing out
the internal intercostal muscles contract pulling the ribcage downwards and inwards whilst the external intercostal muscles relax
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describe the role of the alveoli in gas exchange
as air comes into the alveoli the red blood cells will los their CO2 to the alveoli via diffusion and as the CO2 is leaving the red blood cells O2 will come into the capillaries
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how are the alveoli adapted for gas exchange
1thin walls (one cell thick) 2 large surface area 3 moist surface 4 many blood capillaries
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what do plants use magnesium minerals for

Back

for making chlorophyll

Card 3

Front

Experiment 3 describe an experiment to investigate photosynthesis

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Experiment 3 what does putting the leaf with soda lime in a bell jar do

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Experiment 3 what does covering part of the leaf do

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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