Biology: Chapter 3: Breathing and Gas Exchange 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyRespiration and exerciseIGCSEEdexcel Created by: xmayax2Created on: 17-10-17 17:43 What is ventilation? moving air in and out of the lungs 1 of 15 What is the trachea? WInd pipe that carries air from the mouth to the lungs. 2 of 15 What are bronchi? tubes that lead from the trachea into each lung 3 of 15 What are bronchioles? thinner tubes that branch throughout the lungs 4 of 15 What are alveoli? air sacs in the lungs where gases are exchanged 5 of 15 What is the cartilage? the walls of the trachea and bronchi contain these. Used to support the airways and keep them open. 6 of 15 What does pleural fluid do? acts as lubrication so the surfaces of the lungs dont stick to the inside of the chest wall. 7 of 15 What does mucus do? traps particles of dirt which that are breathed in 8 of 15 What are cilia? hair like structures which beat back and forth to sweep mucus and dirt out towards the mouth. 9 of 15 What happens when the air goes in and out? when air goes in, the diaphragm moves down and the rib cage expands. When is exhaled the diaphragm moves up and the rib cage gets smaller. 10 of 15 Why is alveoli good for gas exchange? -large surface area to absorb oxygen -moist surface so oxygen can dissolve -thin lining for easy diffusion 11 of 15 What makes up a cigarette? carbon monoxide + nicotine + tar 12 of 15 How do each of these affect someone? carbon monoxide = addictive, prevents blood from carrying oxygen, poisonous gas. Tar = clogs lungs, causes cancer 13 of 15 What does smoke do to the cilia? It destroys it, so the cilia can't sweep away mucus leading to 'smokers cough' and sometimes bronchitis. 14 of 15 How does emphysema occur? 'smokers cough' weakens the walls of the alveoli so the lungs cant take in enough oxygen. 15 of 15
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