Laser light to scan object, x1500, photomicrograph.
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Transmission Electron Microscope
Beam of fast travelling electrons pass through specimen, x2,000,000, electron micrograph (black and white, 2D)
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Scanning Electron Microscope
Secondary electrons bounce off specimen surface, x2,000,000, electron micrograph (black and white, 3D)
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Image size =
Actual size x Magnification
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Magnification
no. times larger image appears.
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Resolution
How detailed the image is.
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Cell Wall
P, Cellulose fibres. strong, rigid, permeable.
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Cell Surface Membrane
A + P, Controls what enters and leaves (partially permeable), holds cell together. Double layer of phospholipid molecules.
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Nucleus
A + P, Surrounded by nuclear envelope, contains nuclear pores, DNA, controls what cell does.
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Nucleolous
A + P, Inside nucleus, create RNA and ribsomes.
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
A + P, Intracellular transport, ribosomes.
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Smooth Endosplasmic Reticulum
A + P, Absorption, synethesis and lipid transport from gut, no ribosomes.
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Golgi Apparatus
A + P, Secretory vesicles bring materials to and from, builds lysosomes, protein modification, stack of membrane bound flattened sacs.
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Mitochondria
A+P, Captures energy in glucose in form of ATP, surrounded by double membrane.
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Chloroplasts
P, Surrounded by double membrane, site of p/s, contains loops of DNA, starch grains, stroma, grana, lamella and thykaloid membranes.
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Ribosomes
A + P, Made of ribosomal RNA, made in nucleolus, protein synthesis and assembly.
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Vacuole
P, Filled with water and solutes, formed by joining together of vesicles, breaks down complex molecules.
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Cilia
A, Protusions from cell, different functions, including movement
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Undulipodia/ Flagella
Some A + P, Enables movement, longer cilia
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Lysosomes
A, Small, spherical sacs covered by membrane, contain hyrolytic (digestive) enzymes.
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Centrioles
A, Move chromosomes, involved in forming cilia and undulipodia.
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Plasmodesmota
P, Narrow threads of cytoplasm pass through cell walls and allow communication.
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Cytoskeleton
A + P, Netwok of protein structures within cytoplasm.
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Microfilaments
7nm diameter, Involved in movement
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Intermediate filaments
8-10nm diameter, Structural - shape and anchors some organelles.
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Microtubules
25nm diameter, Hollow tube, support and transport. Also make up flagella, cilia and centrioles.
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Making and Secreting a Protein Process
1.mRNA copy (nucleus). 2. Attaches to ribosome (assembly). 3. Pinched off in vesicles and go to Golgi apparatus (processes and packages). 4. Vesicles transport it to plasma membrane (fuse), plasma membrane opens to release.
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Prokaryotic Cells
No nucleus, centrioles or membrane bound organelles. Smaller ribosomes, Naked DNA, plasmids. Flagella and pili. Divide by binary fission.
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Endosymbiosis Theory
Theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts were formerly prokaryotes. Prokaryotes taken inside other cell and led to evolution.
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Evidence to support endosymbiosis theory
Share characteristics (ribosomes, DNA, RNA), similar size, divide by binary fission.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Laser Scanning Microscope
Back
Laser light to scan object, x1500, photomicrograph.
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