double membrane that surrounds the nucleus and controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the nucleus
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what are the nuclear pores?
small holes that allows larger molecules to pass in and out of the nucleus
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what is the Nucleoplasm?
granula, jelly-like material that makes up most of the nucleus
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what are chromosomes?
they consist of protein bound linear DNA
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What are the functions of the mitochondria?
They are where aerobic respiration takes place and they produce ATP. Cells that need a lot of energy have lots of mitochondria.
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What are the parts of a mitochondrion?
outer and inner membrane, DNA, ribosomes, matrix, cristae
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what does a mitochondrion's outer membrane do?
it is around the mitochondrion and controls the entry and exit of cells
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What is a mitochondrion's inner membrane?
it folds to form extensions known as cristae which provide a large surface area for the attachments of enzymes and other proteins involved in respiration.
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What are golgi apparatus?
a group of fluid filled, membrane bound sacs.
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What is the function of golgi apparatus?
modify proteinsbefore they are transported to other places in the cell and produce secretory vesicles to carry finalised products to their destination.
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What is the structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
has ribosomes attached to outer surfaces of its membranes
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what is the function of RER
processes and fold proteins made at the ribosomes
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What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
has no ribosomes like RER, synthesises and processes lipids
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What are lysosomes?
they are a type of golgi vesicle, they contain hydrolytic ensymes and digest old organelles, dead cells and materials in white blood cells
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What is a cell wall?
provides strength to the cell and the whole plant. It consists of cellulose microfibrils
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what are chloroplasts?
where photosynthesis occurs. They have stacks of thylakoids called granu, and a liquid part called the stroma. also contain starch store, DNA and ribosomes
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