Smaller units from which larger molecules are made.
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What are polymers?
Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together.
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What is a condensation reaction?
A reaction that joins two molecules together to form a chemical bond whilst eliminating a molecule of water.
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What is a hydrolysis reaction?
A reaction that breaks a chemical bond between two molecules and involves the use of a water molecule.
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What is a monosaccharide?
Monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made.
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How is glycosidic bond formed?
A condensation reaction between two monosaccharides.
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Three main examples of polysaccharides.
Glycogen, starch, cellulose.
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Describe the benedict's test for reducing sugars.
gently heat a solution of food sample with an equal volume of benedict's solution for five minutes, the solution turns orange/brown if reducing sugars is present.
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Two main groups of lipids.
Phospholipids, triglycerides
(fats and oils)
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Four roles of lipids.
Source of energy, waterproofing, insulation, protection.
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What is an ester bond?
A bond formed by a condensation reaction between glycerol and a fatty acid.
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Describe the emulsion test for lipids.
Mix the sample with ethanol in a test tube, shake and add water and shake again, a cloudy white colour indicated that lipid is present.
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What are monomers that make up proteins?
Amino acids.
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How is a peptide bond formed?
A condensation reaction between two amino acids.
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What is a polypeptide?
Many amino acids joined together.
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Describe the biuret test for proteins?
Mix the sample with sodium hydroxide at room temperature, add a very dilute copper 2 sulphate solution, mix and a purple colour indicates that peptide bonds are present.
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