Biology B6

1.What would you use a sweep net for?

Its a net lined with strong cloth for collecting insects, spiders, etc from long grass

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2.Describe how you would use a quadrat to compare the distribution of dandelions in two areas.

1.Place 1 metre squared quadrant randomly on ground in first sample area.2.Count organisms in quadrat.3.Repeat steps 1 and 2 many times.4.Calculate a mean no. of organisms per quadrat.5.Repeat steps 1 to 4 in second sample area and compare the means

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3.Give three abiotic factors that can affect the distribution of organisms.

Temperature, moisture level, light intensity

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4.Describe how you can estimate the percentage cover of an organism in a quadrat.

Estimate the percentage area of the quadrat covered by a particular type of organism e.g. by counting the number of little squares covered by the organisms

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5.Give four human activities which reduce the amount of land available to other organisms.

Building, farming, dumping waste, quarrying

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6.Describe how preventing the introduction of harmful species can help protect biodiversity.

It would mean that those harmful species can't reduce the numbers of species by competing with it or eating it

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7.Explain why maintaining biodiversity by setting up conversation schemes can be challenging.

Agreements about conservation schemes can be difficult to arrange, conservation schemes can be difficult to monitor

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8.What is selective breeding?

Taking the best plants or animals and breed them together to get the best possible offspring

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9.In genetic engineering, what is a vector?

Something that is used to transfer DNA into a cell

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10.Give one example of how crops could be genetically modified to increase yields.

A bacterium called Bt, which produces a toxin, kills many of the insect larvae that are harmful to crops

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11.Describe two ethical issues that genetic engineering raises.

Sometimes genetic engineering for animals causes the animal harm and they suffer as a result, some think it's irresponsible when there's uncertainty about the consequences

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12.What is a communicable disease?

A disease that can spread between organisms e.g.malaria

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13.Explain how the tobacco mosaic virus is transmitted between plants.

The tobacco mosaic disease in plants is cause by a virus

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14.Give three ways that the spread of disease in plants can be controlled.

Destroying infected plants, crop rotation, chemical control

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15.Explain how the production of antibodies helps the body defend itself against disease.

When your white blood cells come across a foreign antigen they will produce antibodies rapidly, which are carried around the body to lock on to all similar pathogens. Antibodies help the phagocytes find the invading pathogens so they can kill them.

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16.What are antiseptics?

Chemicals that destroy microorganisms or stop them growing

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17.Describe an experiment you could do to investigate the effectiveness of different antibiotics.

Pour hot sterilised ajar jelly into sterile petri dish,when jelly's set,inoculating loops transfer microorganisms to culture medium.Soak 1 disc in antibiotic,2 in different antibiotic,3 in sterile water.Place discs on jelly+tape lid to dish

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18.Give the formula you need to calculate the area of a clear zone in a bacterial lawn.

Area=

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19.Give three things that can happen when a drug is at the pre-clinical testing stage of development.

Computer models to stimulate a humans response to a drug, testing on human tissues, develop and test the drug using animals

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20.Give three health problems that are linked to eating too much.

Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, CVD

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21.Describe a global trend in the incidence of non-communicable diseases.

Lack of exercise and higher alcohol consumption are associated with higher income

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22.Describe the risks of using surgical procedures to treat cardiovascular disease.

The new heart may be rejected because the body's immune system recognises it as 'foreign'. So drugs have to be taken to prevent this however there have side effects like making you more vulnerable to infections

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23.Why do stem cells have the potential to be useful in the treatment of disease?

Because of their ability to differentiate into different cell types e.g. can replace faulty cells in sick people

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24.Give three potential risks of using gene technology in medicine.

Increased stress, discrimination, practical risks

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Biology B6

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