Chromosomes are made up of DNA, each chromosome contains a number of genes.
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What is a genome?
An organisms complete set of DNA, including all of its genes.
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What are Alleles?
the different forms of each gene, we have two copies of every chromosome in our cells, therefore, we have two copies of every gene.
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How do we show if alleles are dominant or recessive?
By using upper case and lower case letters. The dominant allele is always a capital.
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What is a phenotype?
the characteristic that is seen, for example blue eyes.
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what is a genotype?
the genes that are present, for example bb
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What is someone who has two different alleles called?
Heterozygous
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What is someon with two of the same alleles called?
Homozygous
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What is inherited variation caused by?
the genes inherited from parents
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What is environmental variation caused by?
environmetal variation is caused by environmental factors e.g. diet
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Give an example of continuous variation
height, a person can be tall or short or anywhere between he two
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What is discontinuous variation?
discontinuous has a limited number of possible values, for example blood groups are either A, B, AB or O
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4 characteristics solely controlled by inheritance
Eye colour, hair colour, blood group and inherited diseases
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4 factors that are influenced by the environment
Height and weight, intelligence, artistic or sporting ability and skin colour.
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What is asexual reproduction?
when organisms reproduce and replicate their genetic material by dividing in half. this occurs by mitosis, each new organism contains identical genes, which are genetically identical to the parent gene.
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what is sexual reproduction?
requires two parents as genetic material is taken from two parents, the offspring produced is not identical to the parent, this therefore results in variation, most animals reproduce sexually.
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What is an advantage of asexual reproduction?
Only one parent is needed, they do not need to find a partner. pollination is not required in plants, this means reproduction is faster and large numbers of offspring are repoduced quickly.
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What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
adverse changes to biotic or abiotic factors may destroy the species, as all organisms will be affected.
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What is an advantage of sexual reproduction?
variations within the species leads to adaption and survival
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What is a disadvantage of sexual reproduction?
two parents are needed, meaning reproduction is slower and fewer offspring is produced
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What is the difference of a haploid and diploid cell?
Diploid cells contain two sets of chromosomes whereas haploid cells only contain one set of chromosomes.
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Explain the process of meiosis
produces gametes, one diploid cell divides into two, each with a copy of one chromosome,, the cells divide again, the chromosnes halved to produce 4 haploid cells. genetically different from parent cell and each other
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What is a dominant allele?
only one copy is needed to be expressed. Shown as a capital
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What is a recessive allele?
two copies needed to be expressed, shown as a lower case letter
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What is a punnet square used for?
punnet square is used to predict the results of a genetic cross
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Name a beneficial mutation
antibiotic resistance = in bacteria
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Name a harmful mutation
uncontrollable cell division - cancer
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are chromosomes made up of?
Back
Chromosomes are made up of DNA, each chromosome contains a number of genes.
Card 3
Front
What is a genome?
Back
Card 4
Front
What are Alleles?
Back
Card 5
Front
How do we show if alleles are dominant or recessive?
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