Diffusion is the passive overall movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration.
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What does the term Osmosis mean?
Osmosis is a type of diffusion that involves water molecules. It is the overall movement of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane.
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What is a partially permeable membrane?
A partially permeable membrane only allows small molecules through such as water to pass through. Large molecules such as starch and certain sugars cannot pass through.
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What does the term active transport mean?
Active transport is the overall movement of chemicals across a cell membrane requiring energy from respiration. This can take place against the concentration gradient.
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What is the function of the nucleus in the cell?
The nucleus controls the activities of the cell.
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What is the function of the cytoplasm in the cell?
The cytoplasm is where enzymes and other proteins are made. The cytoplasm also contains enzymes used in aerobic respiration.
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What extra parts do most plant cells have which are not present in animal cells?
Plant cells have a cell wall made out of cellulose, which strengthens the cell. Plant cells also often have chloroplasts which absorb light energy to make food and a permanent vacuole filled with cell sap.
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How is DNA in a bacterial cell different to that in an animal and plant cell?
In a bacterial cell the DNA is not a distinct nucleus.
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Why will a digestive enzyme that breaks down starch not break down protein or fat?
A digestive enzyme that breaks down starch will not break down protein or fat because each enzyme has a specific shape that only fits onto the specific substrate it reacts with.
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Explain how high temperatures affect enzymes. (Higher)
At high temperatures some of the weak bonds holding an enzyme together are broken. This changes the shape of the active site. The enzyme is said to be denatured and it no longer works. (Higher)
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Write a word equation to summarise photosynthesis.
Carbon Dioxide + Water ---> Glucose + Oxygen
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Give three conditions that may limit the rate of photosynthesis.
Three conditions which may limit the rate of photosynthesis are: light intensity, temperature and Carbon Dioxide levels.
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Why does photosynthesis slow down if the temperature is increased beyond an optimum.
If the temperature is increased beyond an optimum photosynthesis slows down because the enzymes controlling the reactions of photosynthesis start to become damaged above 40 degrees Celsius.
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How can the conditions inside of a greenhouse be controlled to achieve maximum plant growth?
Plants grow best in light, warm conditions where they have plenty of Carbon Dioxide and water. These conditions can be controlled inside a greenhouse to achieve maximum plant growth by using artificial lighting, heating and adding carbon dioxide.
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What is a transect used for when investigating the distribution of organisms?
A transect is used to find out how organisms are distributed across an area e.g. from a dry part of a meadow to a damp part.
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Write a word equation to summarise aerobic respiration.
Glucose + Oxygen ---> Carbon Dioxide + Water
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When do muscles use anaerobic respiration?
Muscles use anaerobic respiration to obtain energy during vigorous exercise.
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What substance does anaerobic respiration in plant cells produce instead of lactic acid?
Anaerobic respiration in plant cells produce ethanol instead of lactic acid.
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Which useful fuel product can be obtained by using microorganisms to ferment plant and animal waste?
Microorganisms can be used to ferment plant and animal waste to produce biogas (mainly methane).
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What does the term Osmosis mean?
Back
Osmosis is a type of diffusion that involves water molecules. It is the overall movement of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane.
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