Biology B4
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- Created by: shanaef
- Created on: 14-12-15 16:28
Definition of enzymes
Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions
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Definition of Active Site
The part where a substrate joins on the enzyme
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Definition of Lock and Key Model
Where the substrate fits into the enzyme just like a lock and key
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Definition of Optimum Temperature and pH
Optimum - Preferable The temp/pH can not be too high or low or the enzyme may denature due to the change in shape of the active site
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Definition of Respiration
A series of chemical reactions that release energy by breaking down large food molecules.
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What is the energy released by respiration used for?
1. Movement - Makes muscles contract 2. Active Transport - Uses energy to transport substances in and out of cells 3. Synthesis of large molecules - The joining of small molecules to make larger ones requires energy
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Definition and equation of Aerobic Respiration
'with oxygen' - Glucose + Oxygen ----> Carbon Dioxide + Water
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Definition and equations of Anaerobic Respiration
'without oxygen' - Takes place when there is little or no oxygen available e.g Exercise Can produce Lactic Acid Glucose ----> Lactic Acid (+energy released) or Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide Glucose ----> Ethanol + Carbon dioxide
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Definiton of Fermentation
When microorganisms break down sugars into other products as they respire anaerobically
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Definiton of Photosynthesis
A series of chemical reactions that uses energy from sunlight to produce food
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Definiton of Chlorophyll
Needed for photosynthesis, its a green substance which absorbs sunlight and allows the energy to be used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose
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Photosynthesis Equation
Carbon Dioxide + Water ----> Glucose + Oxygen (Oxygen is the waste product of this process)
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How do plants use glucose?
1. Respiration 2. To make chemicals for growth - converted into cellulose for making cell walls 3. Stored as starch - used at times when the rate of photosynthesis is slower e.g. winter
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What are the three factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis?
1. Light 2. Carbon Dioxide 3. Temperature
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How do you set up a transect?
1. You run a tape measure between two fixed points. 2. Start at one end and collect the data you need. 3. Move along the transect and keep collecting the data needed until you reach the end
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What pieces of equipment are useful for investigating the effect of light on plants?
1. Light meter - A sensor that accurately measures light level, useful if comparing areas with different light levels 2. Quadrat - To make data collection easier 3. Identification key - a series of questions to figure out what a plant is
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What is Diffusion?
The passive overall movement of particles from a region of their higher concentration to their lower concentration
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Give an example of where diffusion is used?
Gases passing in and out of leaves by diffusion
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What is Osmosis?
(type of diffusion) The overall movement of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane
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What is a partially permeable membrane?
Only allows certain substances to diffuse through it
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How does Osmosis work in plants
Plants usually use osmosis to take in water as there is a higher concentration of water in the soil than in the plant.
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Definiton of Active Transport
The overall movement of chemicals across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration using energy released by respiration
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Definiton of Cytoplasm
Where proteins like enzymes are made. Some reactions take place here e.g. anaerobic respiration
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Definiton of Mitochondria
Where the enzymes for aerobic respiration are found and the reactions take place.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The part where a substrate joins on the enzyme
Back
Definition of Active Site
Card 3
Front
Where the substrate fits into the enzyme just like a lock and key
Back
Card 4
Front
Optimum - Preferable The temp/pH can not be too high or low or the enzyme may denature due to the change in shape of the active site
Back
Card 5
Front
A series of chemical reactions that release energy by breaking down large food molecules.
Back
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