Biology (B3)
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- Created by: carolinelloyd
- Created on: 23-02-17 17:18
What occurs in the mitochondria?
Respiration
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What is the number of mitochondria dependent on?
The activity of the cell.
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What are the four bases of DNA?
A-T, G-C
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What does the DNA base code control?
Which protein is made.
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What are proteins made up of?
A long chain of amino acids joined together.
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What are examples of different functioning proteins?
Structural proteins used to build cells, hormones, carrier proteins and enzymes.
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What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts, that catalyse chemical reactions occurring in respiration, photosynthesis.
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How does low temperatures affect enzymes?
Low temperatures means the molecules are moving more slowly and so they are less likely to collide.
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How does high or low pH's and high temperatures affect enzymes?
The pH changes and rise in temperature results in denaturing, meaning the enzyme changes shape and the substrate cannot fit so cannot react as quickly.§
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What can mutations can radiation and chemicals cause?
Production of different proteins or can give the individual an advantage
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What does respiration do?
Releases energy from food, this energy is trapped in a molecule called ATP which can be used to provide the energy for many processes in living organisms.
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What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?
-
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What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic is where there is sufficient oxygen whereas anaerobic does not.
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What are two disadvantages of anaerobic respiration?
Build up of lactic acid, causing pain and less energy per glucose molecule is released.
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What is oxygen debt?
The incomplete breakdown of glucose resulting in lactic acid build up.
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Why does the heart rate and breathing rate stay increase in recovery?
So rapid blood flow can take the lactic acid to the liver and extra oxygen can be used to break down the lactic acid in the liver.
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What is the metabolic rate?
Sum of all the reactions that are occurring in the body. If it is high more oxygen is needed because aerobic respiration is faster.
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What is mitosis?
The process that produces new cells.
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What is meiosis?
The process that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells.
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What is plasma?
The liquid part of the blood called plasma that carries important substances around the body.
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What does plasma carry?
Glucose, carbon dioxide, hormones, antibodies and waste substances.
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What does the arteries do?
Transport blood away from the heart to the tissues.
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What do the veins do?
Transport the blood back to the heart from the tissues.
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What do the capillaries do?
Link arteries to veins to allow material to pass between blood and tissue.
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Why are bacteria cells different from plant and animal cells?
They lack a nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplast.
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What can reducing the variety of alleles by inbreeding cause?
Increased risk of harmful recessive characteristics showing up in offspring and a reduction in variation.
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What is an advantage of genetic engineering?
Organisms with desired features can be produced very quickly.
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What is a disadvantage of genetic engineering?
Risk that the inserted gene may have unexpected harmful side effects.
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What are the four steps of genetic engineering?
Desired characteristic is selected, genes responsible are identified and removed, the genes are inserted into other organisms, the organism is allowed to reproduce.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the number of mitochondria dependent on?
Back
The activity of the cell.
Card 3
Front
What are the four bases of DNA?
Back
Card 4
Front
What does the DNA base code control?
Back
Card 5
Front
What are proteins made up of?
Back
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