Biology B2

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  • Created by: .n.
  • Created on: 22-05-16 13:24
What is the order of classification?
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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Why does classification change?
Classification of organisms changes because the variety of life is a continuos spectrum. It is also becuase new details about an organisms ancestors are always being discovered and evolution is a continuos process.
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What is a species?
A group of organisms who are able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
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Why is it difficult to classify bacteria and hybrids?
Bacteria reproduce asexually so are not technically a species, Hybrids cannot produce fertile offspring so are not a species.
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What is the binomial system and why is it important?
It is the international naming system for all organisms that includes the genus and the species, it is important for avoiding confusion between scientists when talking about an organism and avoiding language barriers.
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Why might two unrelated species look similar?
Organisms that have evolved in the same or similar environements have evolved to have simialr adaptations in order to survive in the same area.
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What does each bar on a pyramid of biomass represent?
Each trophic level
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Explain how energy is lost at each stage of the food chain?
Heat from Respiration, Egestion, Excretion
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Why is it unusual to see a food chain with more than 5 trophic levels?
The energy transfer between trophic levels isnt very efficient, so there isnt enough energy to sustain more than 5 trophic levels.
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What is intraspecific competition?
Competition for resources between organisms within the same species
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What is interspecific competition?
Competition for resources between organisms of different species.
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What is the relationship between predator prey relationships?
on a graph a predator prey relationship is described as out of phase cyclical fluctuation, the populations rise and fall at simialr times, but are lsightly out of time as it takes time for organisms to reproduce and react to the population of the oth
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Explain the difference between a generalist and a specialist.
Generalists have no specific adaptations but are easily adaptable in a change of environment. Specialists are specifically adapted to one habitat and struggle when changes occur.
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How are extremophile bacteria able to survive at high temperatures?
They are adapted so their enzymes work at very high temperatures
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What are antifreeze protiens?
Protiens that stop blood from freezing in very cold temperatures, they are found in the blood of arctic fish
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How does having a small surface area to volume ratio help organisms keep warm in cold climates?
Organisms with a small surface area to volume ratio, e.g. polar bears, lose less heat to their surroundings
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EXplain how a counter current heat exchange system stops peguins getting cold feet from the ground.
the blood leaving the body and entering the feet is cooled by the cold blood leaving the feet, this cold blood is warmed by the warm blood leaving the body so that the blood in the feet is around 5 degrees C and there is less heat to be exhcanged
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Give two ways plants are adapted to live in dry conditions.
Thick, waxy cuticle to prevent water being lost from leaves by evapouration, they can store water in stems to use in times of drought, The have shallow but extensive roots to ensure water is absorbed over a large area quickly, Also a small SA:V
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Describe dawrins theory of evolution
Presence of natural variation, Competition for limited resources, survival of the fittest, inheritence of succesful adaptations (GENES), Isolation, Speciation(new species develops)
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How can speciation happed due to geographical isolation?
If a species is seperated into different areas, they can no longer interbreed and so overtime they develop into a different species
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How is carbon removed from the air in the carbon cycle?
CO2 is taken in by trees in photosynthesis
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Describe two processes in which carbon is released into the air
Decay, Respiration, Burning fossil fuels.
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Explain how nitrogen is recycled in nature
Plants take in nitrates from the soil to make protien for growth, feeding passes N2 along a food chain, N2 compounds are released when bacteria breaks down dead organisms, Bacteria in the soil convert protien and urea into ammonia
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In the nitrogen cycle, what bacteria does what?
Decomposer bacteria break down the nitrates in dead matter into ammonia, Nitrifying bacteria converts ammonia into nitrates, Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas, Nitrogen gas is converted to nitrates by Nitrogen fixing bacteria
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What does the term carbon foot print mean?
The amount of greenhouse gases given off by a person and their actions in a period of time
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What gas causes acid rain and where does it come from?
Sulfur dioxide are produced when fossil fuels are burnt, When in the atmosphere it reacts with rain to make sulfuric acid - acid rain - It can errode staues and damage ecosystems in lakes by changing the pH
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Advantages and disadvantages of using an indicator species
Using living methods is easy, quick and cheap , no expensive equipment or training needed BUT other factors can also affect the survival of an indicator species, not just pollution levels.
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Advantages and Disadvantages of using non living methods to monitor pollution.
Gives a quantative measure thats easy to compare with other areas, and exact pollutants can be identified BUT more expensive and often require training to use
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What causes a species to be at risk of extinction?
If the number of factors falls below the critical level. These factors include the number of habitats, The number of viable breeding pairs, if the amount of genetic variation is low the species is unlikely to be able to adapt and harmful recessive
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What are the main things to consider when evaluating the success of a conservation programme
Enough genetic variation, Enough breeding pairs (viable population), enough habitats available, Interactions between species must be as normal e.g predator species should be allowed to hunt prey.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Why does classification change?

Back

Classification of organisms changes because the variety of life is a continuos spectrum. It is also becuase new details about an organisms ancestors are always being discovered and evolution is a continuos process.

Card 3

Front

What is a species?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Why is it difficult to classify bacteria and hybrids?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the binomial system and why is it important?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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