Biology B1 (Cell Biology)
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- Created by: julian hayter
- Created on: 03-10-21 12:33
What type of cells are eukaryotic cells?
Animal and plant cells
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Where in eukaryotic cells is DNA enclosed?
In the nucleus
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What type of cells are prokaryotic cells?
Bacterial cells
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Are prokaryotic cells much bigger or much smaller than eukaryotic cells?
They are much smaller
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Do prokaryotic cells have a cell membrane and/or a cell wall?
They have a cell membrane and a cell wall
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Where in a prokaryotic is DNA enclosed?
In a single DNA loop, there may be more than one small rings of DNA called plasmids
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What sub-cellular structures to animal and plant cells both have?
A nucleus, cytoplasm, a cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes
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What sub-cellular strictures do plant cells have that animal cells don't?
Chloroplasts, a permanent vacuole and a cell wall
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What is/ the function of a nucleus?
Contains DNA, to control the activities in the cell
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What is/ the function of a cell membrane?
Is permeable to some substances and not to others, meaning it controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
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What is/ the function of cytoplasm?
A jelly-like material that contains dissolved nutrients and salts and structures called organelles. It is where many of the chemical reactions happen.
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What is/ the function of ribsomes?
They are tiny structures where protein synthesis occurs
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What is/ the function of mitochondria?
They contain the enzymes for respiration and is where most energy is released in respiration
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What is/ the function of chloroplasts?
Contains chlorophyll ( a green pigment) which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Also contains the enzymes for photosynthesis
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What is/ the function of a permanent vacuole?
Filled with cell sap for storage and to keep the cell turgid (hard)
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What is/ the function of a cell wall?
Made from cellulose that strengthens the cell and supports the plant
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What is the order of size form organelles onwards?
organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems and organsims
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At what point can animal cells differentiate throughout their life?
Only at an early stage
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At what point can plant cells differentiate throughout their life?
They can retain the ability to differentiate throughout their life
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In mature animals, what is cell divison restrcited to ?
Repair and Replacement
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How does a cell become specialised?
By differntiating, but has to acquire different sub-cellular strictures to enable it to carry out a specific function
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What are the 2 types of microscopes?
electron and light
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What is magnification?
It is a multiplication sign showing the amount the lens magnifies
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What is resolution/resolving power?
The ability of a microscope to distinguish detail
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What are the differences between light and electron microscopes?
Electron microscopes have a higher magnification and resolution/resolving power
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Which microscope can be used to study cells in much finer detail?
Electron microscopes
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How do you calculate magnification?
Magnification = Image size/ Actual size
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How often do bacteria multiply by simple cell division ( binary fission) ?
Every 20 minutes IF they have enough nutrients and a suitable temperature
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Which 2 places can bacteria be grown in?
In a nutrient broth solution or s colonies on an agar gel plate
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Why do schools incubate bacteria at 25 degrees celsius?
To reduce the chance of growing harmful pathogens
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What are chromosomes?
They are found in the nucleus and are made of DNA molecules
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How are chromosomes found in a human?
They are found in pairs
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How many pairs of chromosomes are in a human body cell?
23 pairs so 46 chromosomes
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Where in eukaryotic cells is DNA enclosed?
Back
In the nucleus
Card 3
Front
What type of cells are prokaryotic cells?
Back
Card 4
Front
Are prokaryotic cells much bigger or much smaller than eukaryotic cells?
Back
Card 5
Front
Do prokaryotic cells have a cell membrane and/or a cell wall?
Back
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