Biology - B1, B2 & B3

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  • Created by: hols_
  • Created on: 28-11-15 11:58
Aerobic Respiration
Respiration using oxygen, which releases energy & produces carbon dioxide and water.
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Artery
Large blood vessel with narrow lumen & thick elastic walls (carries blood away from the lungs).
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Blood Pressure
The pressure of the blood in arteries & veins.
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Cholesterol
A type of fat that builds up in the arteries.
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Thrombosis
A blood clot.
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Cardiovascular Efficiency
A measure of how well your heart copes with cardiovascular efficiency.
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Nutrients
Substances used in an organism's metabolism which must be taken in from its environment.
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Carbohydrates
Foods that provide energy.
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Fats
A wide group of compounds that provide the body with energy & insulation.
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Proteins
Large organic compounds made of amino acids; needed in the diet for growth & repair
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Amino Acids
Building Blocks of proteins.
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Deficiency
A lack of a substance.
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Kwashiorkor
An illness caused by protein deficiency due to lack of food.
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Pathogen
A disease-causing microorganism.
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Benign
A growth or tumour that isn't usually dangerous to health, not progressive or recurrent; does not spread all over the body.
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Malignant
A tumour that becomes progressively worse, and spreads around the body.
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Fungi
Single-celled microscopic organisms.
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Virus
A tiny microorganism with a very simple structure with a very simple structure.
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Bacteria
Microscopic, single-celled organism with no nucleus.
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Protozoa
Single-celled microscopic animals.
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Respiratory System
Where gas exchange occurs, e.g, the lungs in humans or gills in fish.
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Toxin
A poison produced by a living organism.
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Antibody
Produced by white blood cells to destroy disease-causing microorganisms.
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Pathogen
A disease-causing microorganism.
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Immunisation
Giving an injection to provide immunity from a disease.
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Antibiotics
Medication used to kill bacterial pathogens inside the body.
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Receptor
The part of the nervous system that detects a stimulus; a sense organ, e.g. eyes, ears.
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Neurone
A specialised cell that transmits electrical messages when stimulated.
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Synapse
The small gap between adjacent neurones.
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Reflex Action
An involuntary action; a fast, involuntary response to a stimulus.
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Retina
The back of the eye; contains light sensitive cells/receptors.
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Binocular
Binocular vision uses 2 eyes to judge distances.
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Monocular
Each eye is used separately to increase the field of view.
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Stimulants
Chemicals that speed up the heart & nervous system e.g. caffeine.
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Depressants
Drugs that slow down the way the body works, e.g alcohol.
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Addiction
Being abnormally dependent on something; habit forming.
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Alcohol
Waste product made by yeast following by anaerobic respiration.
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Emphysema
Chronic irreversible lung disease, caused by smoking.
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Carcinogens
Cancer-causing chemicals.
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Homeostasis
The maintenance of constant internal conditions in the body.
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Enzyme
A protein molecule & biological catalyst found in living organisms that helps chemical reactions to take place.
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Vasodilation
The widening of blood vessels to increase heat loss from surface to skin.
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Vasoconstriction
The narrowing of blood vessels to reduce heat loss from the surface to the skin.
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Hormone
A chemical messenger that travels around the body in the blood to affect target organs.
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Insulin
A hormone, produced by the pancreas, which controls blood glucose concentrations.
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Diabetes
A disease caused by the failure to control blood sugar levels due to the inability of the pancreas to secrete insulin.
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Auxin
A plant hormone that affects growth & development.
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Variation
The differences between individuals of the same species.
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Chromosome
A coil of DNA made up of genes, found in the nucleus of plants/animal cells.
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Gene
A small section of DNA, in a chromosome, that determines a particular characteristic on its won or in combination with other genes.
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Allele
1 of 2 alternative forms of a particular gene.
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Homozygous
To have the same alleles in a gene pair.
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Heterozygous
To have different alleles in a gene pair.
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Genotype
The genetic make-up of an individual, usually given letters to represent different genes.
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Phenotype
The outward expression of a gene e.g. blue eyes.
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Inherit
To receive genes or characteristics from a parent.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Large blood vessel with narrow lumen & thick elastic walls (carries blood away from the lungs).

Back

Artery

Card 3

Front

The pressure of the blood in arteries & veins.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

A type of fat that builds up in the arteries.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

A blood clot.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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