Biology B1

What does it mean to be healthy in comparison to being fit?

Healthy means being free of any infections or diseases, whereas being fit is a measure of how well you can perform physical tasks.

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What is fitness?

Fitness measures strength, speed, agility and flexibility, together with stamina. It is a good indication of cardiovascular efficiency (the ability of the heart to supply the muscles with oxygen).

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What is systolic and diastolic pressure?

Systolic pressure is when blood pressure is at its highest, and this is when the heart contracts. Diastolic pressure is when pressure is at its lowest, when the heart relaxes.

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What things can increase your blood pressure?

Smoking, being overweight, drinking too much alcohol, being under stress for a long time.

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Describe blood pressure

When the heart beats its muscles contract and this pushes the blood out into the arteries at the correct pressure so it reaches every cell in the body.

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What problems come from blood pressure?

High blood pressure can cause blood vessels to burst, and this can lead to strokes, brain damage and kidney damage. Low blood pressure causes poor circulation and tissues don't get all the food and oxygen they need, causing dizziness and fainting.

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How does smoking increase your blood pressure?

Carbon monoxide combines with the hemoglobin in red blood cells and prevents them from carrying as much as oxygen as possible. Heart beats faster to compensate which puts a strain on the heart

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How does saturated fat increase blood pressure?

Cholesterol is a fatty substance linked to high sat fat diets. You need it for making cell membranes, but too much causes it to build up in your arteries to narrow them. This restricts the flow of blood which can lead to a heart attack.

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What factors effect a balanced diet for different people?

Gender, age and the activity level of a person as well as personal choices such as religion and medical reasons.

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What is EAR?

EAR is the Estimated Average daily Requirement of protein. EAR (g) = 0.6 x body mass (kg)

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How do you measure BMI?

Body Mass Index is used as a guide to decide whether someone is underweight, normal or overweight. It is measured by weight in kg/height in m. It isn't always reliable.

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What are infectious diseases caused by?

Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and protozoa. The symptoms of an infectious disease are caused by cell damage or by toxins produced by the pathogen.

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How does the immune system deal with pathogens?

1) Consuming them, 2) Producing antitoxins, 3) Producing antibodies.

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Biology B1

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