Needed in plants for the formation of amino acids and therefore proteins from the products of photosynthesis, and also for the formation of DNA.
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Use of Phosphate Ions
Needed in all living organisms including plants and animals in the formation of ATP and ADP as well as DNA and RNA.
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Use of Chloride Ions
Needed in nerve impulses, sweating and many secretory systems.
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Use of Hydrogen Carbonate Ions
Needed for buffering the blood to prevent it from becoming too acidic.
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Use of Sodium Ions
Needed in nerve impulses, sweating and many secretory systems.
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Use of Calcium Ions
Needed for the formation of calcium pectate for the middle lamella between two cell walls in plants, and for bone formation and muscle contraction in animals.
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Use of Hydrogen Ions
Needed in cellular respiration and photosynthesis, and in numerous pumps and systems in organisms as well as pH balance.
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Use of Magnesium Ions
Needed for production of chlorophyll in plants.
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What are the important qualities of water?
Able to form hydrogen bonds, has a high Specific Heat Capacity, it is a polar solvent, has a very high surface tension, it can not be compressed, Its maximum density is at 4C.
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Why is it important that water is a polar solvent?
Ionic substances can dissolve easily in water, polar covalently bonded molecules can also dissolve in water. This makes it an important medium for transport and reactions.
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Why is it important that water has its highest density at 4C?
Ice formation on lakes starts from the top layer and ice will float on water. It also melts quickly because it is exposed to sunlight.
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Why is it important that water has a high Specific Heat Capacity?
Due to the presence of hydrogen bonds between molecules, it requires a lot of energy to change the temperature of a body of water, this means that the temperatures do not fluctuate, making it a good habitat for living organisms.
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Why is it important that water can not be compressed?
Water can be used in organisms in a hydraulic mechanism.
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Why is it important that water molecules are cohesive?
This allows to create a transpiration stream in the xylem.
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What is a monosaccharide?
A single sugar monomer.
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What is a disaccharide?
Two monosaccharide units, joined by a glycosidic bond, formed in a condensation reaction.
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What is an oligosaccharide?
3-10 monosaccharide units joined by glycosidic bonds.
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What is a polysaccharide?
11+ monosaccharide units joined by glycosidic bonds.
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What are the structures of alpha and beta glucose?
.
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What is the structure of ribose?
.
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Which monosaccharides form sucrose?
Alpha Glucose and Alpha Fructose.
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Which monosaccharides form lactose?
Alpha Glucose and Beta Galactose.
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Which monosaccharides form maltose?
Two Alpha Glucose molecules.
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How do you form and break glycosidic bonds?
A condensation reaction forms the glycosidic bond and the hydrolysis reaction breaks the glycosidic bond.
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How do you test for Reducing Sugars?
Using Benedict's solution, which will go from blue to orange/red.
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Why are polysaccharides useful?
They are compact molecules, they are physically and chemically inactive, they are not very soluble and so have little effect on the water potential.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Use of Phosphate Ions
Back
Needed in all living organisms including plants and animals in the formation of ATP and ADP as well as DNA and RNA.
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