Biology

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  • Created by: clouds14
  • Created on: 04-04-17 11:44
Pathogens
Micro organisms that enter the body and ycause diseases. They cause communicable diseases
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Communicable diseases
A disease that can easily spread.
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Bacteria
Bacteria are very small cells, and they rapidly reproduce in your body. They produce toxins, which make you feel ill.
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Viruses
Viruses are not cells. They reproduce rapidly in your body and can replicate themselves. And when they burst they release all new viruses.
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Protists
Protists are eukaryotes. Some are parasites. These live on or inside other organisms and can cause damage .
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Fungi
Fungi are single called. Others have a body which is made up of hyphae. This means that the hyphae can grow and penetrate the human skin and surfaces of plants and cause diseases.
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Measles
This is a viral disease. It is spread by droplets from an infected person's sneeze or cough.
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HIV
HIV is a virus. Spread by sexual contact, or by exchanging bodily fluids such as blood. This can happen when people share needles.
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Tobacco Mosaic virus
This virus affects plants not humans. It causes a mosaic pattern to develop on leaves of a plant, and this causes the leaves to become discoloured.
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Rose black spot
This is a fungal disease that cause purple or black spots to develop on leaves of rose plants. The leaves soon turn yellow and drop off.
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Malaria
Malaria is caused by a protist. It is caused by a mosquito, when they feed on a humans blood. They pick up malarial protists from dead animals and then injects it into a human. This causes fever and can be fatal.
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Salmonella
This is a type of bacteria that causes food poisoning. People can suffer from fever, stomach cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea. This is caused by toxins.
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Gonorrhoea
This is a sexually transmitted disease. STD's are passed on by sexual contact. And is caused by a bacteria. A person will feel pain when they urinate. Another symptom is a thick yellow discharge from vagina or the penis.
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Prevention of diseases
Being hygienic, destroying vectors, isolating infected individuals and vaccination.
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Human Defence System
The human body has many features to stop a lot of diseases getting in such as hair, tears, mucus, skin which acts as a barrier to pathogens, trachea and bronchi and cilia and the stomach produces hydrochloric acid, which kills pathogens.
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Immune system
If pathogens do make it into the body, the immune system tries to get them out. The most important part of your immune system is white blood cells. These travel around in your blood, looking around for microbes.
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White blood cells
White blood cells can engulf foreign cells and digest them.
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Producing antibodies
Pathogens have unique molecules called antigens on its surface. When a white blood cell spots one it produces proteins called antibodies to lock onto the antigen and then to go and destroy it.
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Vaccination
Vaccinations involve injecting small amounts of dead or inactive pathogens. They carry antigens which produce antibodies to attack them.
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Pros of Vaccinations
Vaccines have helped control lots of communicable disease that were once common in UK.E.g. Polio and smallpox.
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Cons of Vaccinations
Vaccines don't always work. Also sometimes you can have a bad reaction to a vaccine e.g. Swelling or maybe something more serious like a fever or seizures.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A disease that can easily spread.

Back

Communicable diseases

Card 3

Front

Bacteria are very small cells, and they rapidly reproduce in your body. They produce toxins, which make you feel ill.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Viruses are not cells. They reproduce rapidly in your body and can replicate themselves. And when they burst they release all new viruses.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Protists are eukaryotes. Some are parasites. These live on or inside other organisms and can cause damage .

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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