Biology
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- Created by: WiktoriaGrudzinska
- Created on: 19-01-16 21:52
what is haemophilia ?
inherited condition where the blood doesn't clot easily
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what is used to control blood clotting?
Drugs such as warfarin, heparin, aspirin
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describe the process of blood clotting
1) The skin is damaged (cut). 2) platelets and fabrines cause a chemical reaction forming a fibrin fibres mesh over the wound. 3) the platelets get stuck and this forms a scub
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what is the cause of unsuccessful blood transfusion ?
Agglutination (blood clotting)
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describe how the tricep and bicep muscles operate
when the arm bends: tricep muscle relaxes and gets longer and the bicep contracts and gets shorter. when the arm straightens: The tricep contracts and gets shorter and bicep relaxes and gets longer
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Explain how the arm bending and straightening is an example of a lever
as the bicep contracts it exerts an upwards force on all the arm bone therefore the arm moves further
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what are the adaptation of aveoli in the lungs to diffuse gas?
Large surface area, permeable, moist surface, thin lining, good blood supply
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what are the symptoms of asthma and treatment ?
symptoms: difficulty in breathing, wheezing, tight chest,. Treatment: inhalers a drug that helps to open airways
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how does the respiratory system protects itself?
produces stick mucus which traps unwanted pathogens, cilliated cells sweep away anything out of the lungs to throat
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how gaseous exchange occurs within the aveoli ?
oxygen diffuses into the blood stream and the carbon dioxide diffuses into the lungs.
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what is the vital capacity, tidal capacity, residual volume and total capacity ?
Vital capacity: max volume lungs can breath in. tidal capacity: volume of air breathed IN/OUT in normal breaths. residual volume: volume of air left in the lungs after breathing out. total capacity: the vital capacity+ residual volume
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how are lung function measured ?
using a spirometer
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what happens inside the body during an asthma attack ?
1) lining of airways becomes inflamed. 2) fluid build up in the airways. 3) muscles around bronchioles contracts constricting airways
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how does gas exchange happens in simple organisms (Amoeba) and what are their restriction ?
amoeba has to have a moist permeable surface, gases simply pass through by diffusion.this restricts them from other habitats and makes them susceptible
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how does gas exchange happens in complex organisms (fish) and what are their restriction ?
gas exchange happens through gills but their gas exchange only occurs in water
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what is an industrial disease ?
asbestosis. asbestos causes inflammation and scarring limiting gas exchange
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what are the advantages and disadvantages of a pacemaker?
adv: less traumatic, no difficult operation, reduces work done by heart. Dis: great risk of it needing to be replaced.
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what are the advantages and disadvantages of a heart transplant?
adv: doesnt need constant replacement. Dis: have to take immuno (suppressive drug ) against rejection forever
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why does a fetus have a hole in the heart?
1) blood is oxygenated by the mothers placenta as lungs are developing.
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describe a single circulatory system?
one circuit from the heart and has only two chambers
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describe a double circulatory system ?
two circuits from the heart and has four chambers.
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compare the circulatory system of a fish to a mammal?
fish- single circulatory system. mammal- double circulatory system
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compare a single circulatory system to a double circulatory system in terms of pressure.
the blood in a double circulatory system is at higher pressure ,than in the single circulatory system, this allows materials to be transported more quickly
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describe how the pacemaker cells coordinate heart muscle contraction?
1) impulses from the SAN cause the atria to contract and stimulate the AVN. 2) impulses from the AVN cause ventricles to contract
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what is a lifestyle disease?
lung cancer. cells grow rapidly reducing surface area in the lungs, making it difficult to breath
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what is a genetic disease?
cystic fibrosis. too much mucus in the bronchioles causes too much coughing
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what is used to control blood clotting?
Back
Drugs such as warfarin, heparin, aspirin
Card 3
Front
describe the process of blood clotting
Back
Card 4
Front
what is the cause of unsuccessful blood transfusion ?
Back
Card 5
Front
describe how the tricep and bicep muscles operate
Back
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