Biology

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negative feedback
A process in which any change in a parameter brings about the reversal of that change so the parameter is kept fairly constant.
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positive feedback
A process in which any change in a parameter brings about an increase in that change.
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homeostasis
The maintenance of a constant internal environment despite external changes.
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endocrine gland
A gland that secretes hormones directly into blood capillaries.
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exocrine gland
A gland that secretes substances into a duct.
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Hormone
A molecule released into the blood that acts as a chemical messenger.
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target tissue
Cells that have receptors embedded in the plasma membrane that are complementary in shape to specific hormone molecules. Only these cells will respond to that specific hormone.
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excretion
The removal of metabolic waste (waste from the reactions inside cells) from the body.
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Autotroph
Organism that makes its own food using simple inorganic molecules, such as carbon dioxide and water, and energy. Photoautotrophs (plants, some protoctists and some bacteria) use light as the source of energy. Chemoautotrophs (some bacteria)chem engy
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heterotroph
Organism that gains its nutrients from complex organic molecules. It digests them to simpler, soluble molecules and then respires some of them to obtain energy, or uses the products of digestion to synthesise the organic molecules it needs.
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photosynthetic pigment
Chemicals that absorb light energy. Found in thylakoid membranes, in photosystems. Each pigment absorbs energy associated with light of a specific wavelength. Examples include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and xanthophylls.
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recombinant DNA
A section of DNA, often in the form of a plasmid, which is formed by joining DNA sections from two different sources.
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ecosystem
All the living organisms and all the non–living components in a specific habitat, and their interactions.
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Producer
Autotrophic organisms (plants, some protoctists and some bacteria) that convert light energy to chemical energy, which they then supply to consumers.
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consumer
Living organisms that feed on other living organisms.
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Decomposer
Organisms that feed on dead organic matter, releasing molecules, minerals and energy that then become available to other living organisms in that ecosystem.
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trophic level
The level at which an organism feeds in a food chain.
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tropism
A directional growth response in which the direction of the response is determined by the direction of the external stimulus.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A process in which any change in a parameter brings about an increase in that change.

Back

positive feedback

Card 3

Front

The maintenance of a constant internal environment despite external changes.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

A gland that secretes hormones directly into blood capillaries.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

A gland that secretes substances into a duct.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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