Biology 2a- Cells, Organs and Populations

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Which parts of a cell do animal and plant cells share?
Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane, Mitochondria and Ribosomes
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What is the function of the nucleus?
It contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell.
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What is the function of the cytoplasm?
It's where most of the chemical reactions occur, containing enzymes which control them.
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What is the function of the cell membrane?
It controls which substances are allowed to move in and out of the cell, as well as holding it together.
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What is the function of mitochondria?
It's where most of the reactions for respiration occur.
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What is the function of the ribosomes?
These are where proteins are manufactured in the cell.
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What other cell parts do plant cells contain?
A rigid cell wall, a permanent vacuole and chloroplasts.
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What is contained in a yeast cell?
Yeast is a single-celled microorganism containing a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane and a cell wall.
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What makes up a bacterial cell?
Cytoplasm, a cell membrane and a cell wall. They don't have a nucleus, so the genetic material is contained in the cytosplasm.
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What is diffusion?
The spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
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How does diffusion through cell membranes work?
Dissolved substances can diffuse in and out of cells, but only very small molecules can move through cell membranes.
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How are palisade leaf cells adapted for photosynthesis?
They contain a large number of chloroplasts, most near the top of the cell so they're closer to the light. They also have a tall, thin shape meaning that they have a lot of surface area exposed for absorbing CO2, and that lots can be packed together.
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How are Guard Cells adapted for opening and closing pores?
Special kidney shape- open and close stomata. Thin outer walls and thick inner walls. Sensitive to light and close at night. Short of water=flaccid, Lots of water=turgid and plump
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How are red blood cells adapted to carry oxygen?
Their concave shape gives a big surface area, they're packed with haemoglobin(the pigment that absorbs oxygen) and they have no nucleus.
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How are Gametes specialised for reproduction?
The egg cell holds huge food reserves. Sperm cells have a long tail and streamlined head to help it swim, and there are lots of mitochondria to provide energy.
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What are tissues made up of?
Similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function.
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What are the main types of tissues?
Muscular Tissue, Glandular Tissue and Epithelial Tissue
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What is the function of muscular tissue?
It contracts to move whatever it's attached to.
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What is the function of glandular tissue?
It makes and secretes enzymes and hormones.
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What is the function of epithelial tissue?
It covers some parts of the body.
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What are organs made up of?
It is made up of a group of tissues that work together to perform a certain function.
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What are organ systems?
A group of organs working together to perform a particular function, e.g. the digestive system.
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What is the digestive system made up of?
The pancreas and salivary glands; produce digestive juices. The stomach and small intestine; digest food. The liver; produces bile. The small intestine; absorbs soluble food molecules. The large intestine; absorbs water.
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What are the tissues in plants?
Mesophyll Tissues; where most of the photosynthesis occurs. Xylem and Phloem; transport things like water, mineral ions and sucrose. Epidermal Tissue; this covers the whole plant.
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What is the formula for photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide + Water----> Glucose + Oxygen
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What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Amount of light, amount of carbon dioxide and temperature.
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What ways do plants use glucose?
Respiration, making cell walls, making proteins, storing it in seeds, stored as starch.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the function of the nucleus?

Back

It contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell.

Card 3

Front

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the function of mitochondria?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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