Biology 2.1.4 The ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells: membrane-bound organelles

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  • Created by: AabirA
  • Created on: 03-04-17 09:12
Nucleus
The control centre of the cell where the organism's genome is stored. It transmits genetic information and provides the instructions for protein synthesis.
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Nuclear envelope
Double membrane with pores which separates the content of the nucleus from the rest of the cell.
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Nuclear pores
Holes in the nuclear envelope which enable larger substances (e.g. mRNA) to pass though.
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Nucleolus
Has no membrane; contains RNA; this is where ribosomes are made.
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rER)
A system of membranes which form the intracellular transport system. Fluid-filled cavities called cisternae form channels which are continuous with the nuclear membrane for transporting substances. It is coated with ribosomes.
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (sER)
System of membranes with cisternae (no ribosomes.) Enzymes that catalyse reactions involved with lipid metabolism (e.g. synthesis of cholesterol, lipids, phospholipids, steroid hormones.) Involved with absorption and transportation of lipids.
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Golgi apparatus
A stack of membrane-bound flattened sacs which modify and package proteins in vesicles to be stored or transported.
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Mitochondria
2-5 nm long, with and outer membrane and highly folded inner membrane, mitochondria are the site of ATP production during aerobic respiration. Self-replicating and abundant in cells with more metabolic activity.
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Chloroplasts
The site of photosynthesis, light energy is trapped by chlorophyll and used to make ATP which then is used to make carbohydrates. Abundant in leaf cells, particularly in the palisade mesophyll layer.
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Vacuole
Surrounded by a membrane called the tonoplast and contains fluid. Only plants have a large permanent vacuole, filled with water and solutes to maintain turgidity for support.
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Lysosome
Membrane-bound bags formed from the golgi apparatus which contain hydrolytic enzymes to engulf and digest old organelles and foreign matter, with the digested components being reabsorbed for use in the cell. Abundant in phagocytic cells.
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Cilia and undulipodia
Protrusions from the cell, formed from centrioles. They contain microtubules to move. Examples include cilia of airway epithelial cells or cilia on most cells containing receptors.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Double membrane with pores which separates the content of the nucleus from the rest of the cell.

Back

Nuclear envelope

Card 3

Front

Holes in the nuclear envelope which enable larger substances (e.g. mRNA) to pass though.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Has no membrane; contains RNA; this is where ribosomes are made.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

A system of membranes which form the intracellular transport system. Fluid-filled cavities called cisternae form channels which are continuous with the nuclear membrane for transporting substances. It is coated with ribosomes.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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