Biology #2 Molecular bio METABOLISM GENERAL (& WATER)

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  • Created by: MBid89
  • Created on: 17-03-18 13:32
Define metabolism
The web of all enzyme-catalysed reactions in a cell or organism
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What is anabolism and catabolism?
Anabolism: the synthesis of complex molecules (macromolecules) from simpler ones (monomers) Catabolism: the breakdown of complex molecules to simpler ones
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What was the theory of vitalism and how was it falsified?
The belief that organic chemicals (making up living organisms) could only be produced from a 'vital force'. The artificial synthesis of urea in 1828 from silver isocyanate and ammonium chloride.
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What is the difference between an atom and a molecule?
An atom is a single particle of element. A molecule is a group of 2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
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What is the difference between an element and a compound?
Nitrogen or oxygen (O=O) is an element but CO2 is a compound as 2 elements are bonded together
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What are the main types of molecules used by living organisms?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
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What are the 2 structures of carbon
long chains (polymers) or ring structures
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What is a hydrolysis reaction?
The splitting of large molecules, using up water in the process (opposite of condensation reaction).
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What is the structure of a water molecule?
2 H+ ions and 1 O- ion (POLAR)
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What bonds can you find in water?
Covalent bonds between H+ and O- ions Hydrogen (intermolecular) bonds between water molecules
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What are the properties of water?
Good solvent, cohesive (molecules stick together), adhesive (molecules stick to other surfaces), good thermal qualities (hydrogen bonds cause water to resist change)
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Give 2 examples of ways in which the properties of water benefit organisms
1. Cohesive forces: pulling forces draw water up xylem against gravity 2. Adhesive forces: water drawn out of leaf, keeps cell walls moist to increase gas exchange. 3. Thermal: water is liquid in most places on earth, suitable for living organisms. S
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is anabolism and catabolism?

Back

Anabolism: the synthesis of complex molecules (macromolecules) from simpler ones (monomers) Catabolism: the breakdown of complex molecules to simpler ones

Card 3

Front

What was the theory of vitalism and how was it falsified?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the difference between an atom and a molecule?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the difference between an element and a compound?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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