Biology #2 Molecular bio ENZYMES

Created by: MBid89
Created on: 18-03-18 18:15

What is an enzyme?

A biological catalyst made by living organisms to speed up and control the rate of the reactions of metabolism

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Describe the enzyme-substrate complex (lock & key)

Collisions cause substrate to bind to active site of enzyme. Substrate is converted into products & detaches from active site.

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What are the benefits of enzyme immobilisation (attaching enzymes to other materials/ into aggregations to restrict their movement)?

Catalysis can be controlled by adding/ removing enzymes promptly. Enzyme concentrations can be higher. Enzymes can be reused (cost-efficient). Enzymes are more resistant to changes in pH & temp. Products are not contaminated with enzymes.

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What are the 3 methods of enzyme immobilisation?

1. attachment to surfaces e.g. glass (adsorption) 2. entrapment in membrane or gel (e.g. alginate) 3. aggregation by bonding enzymes together into larger particles (up to 0.1mm)

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What is the cause of lactose intolerance?

The body cannot produce the lactase enzyme which normally breaks down lactose into glucose & galactose. Bacteria from the gut ferments the lactose & causes wind & diarrhoea.

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How is lactose-free milk produced?

Either by adding free lactase to the milk or by using immobilised lactase (i.e. in alginate beads) & adding to the milk.

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State 3 benefits of lactose-free milk

1. Can be drunk by lactose intolerants. 2. Galactose & glucose are sweeter than lactose so less sugar needs to be added 3. More soluble so do not crystallise in ice-cream. 4. Bacteria ferment gl+ga faster so production is faster

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What are disadvantages of immobilising enzymes?

Shape of active site & enzyme may be changed. High development cost.

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3 ways to increase enzyme activity?

Increase temperature & pH to optimum (40 degrees & ph7 for most). Increase substrate concentration (more collisions)

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Give an example of a pigment, a transport protein and a structural proteins

Rhodopsin (makes rod cells of retina light sensitive); Haemoglobin; Collagen & spider's silk

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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Describe the enzyme-substrate complex (lock & key)

Back

Collisions cause substrate to bind to active site of enzyme. Substrate is converted into products & detaches from active site.

Card 3

Front

What are the benefits of enzyme immobilisation (attaching enzymes to other materials/ into aggregations to restrict their movement)?

Back

Card 4

Front

What are the 3 methods of enzyme immobilisation?

Back

Card 5

Front

What is the cause of lactose intolerance?

Back

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Biology #2 Molecular bio ENZYMES