Biology 2

?
  • Created by: pheegrace
  • Created on: 04-02-16 17:29
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide + Water --sunlight/chlorophyll--> Glucose + Oxygen
1 of 62
What do chloroplasts contain and what does it do?
Chlorophyll, absorbs sunlight and uses its energy to change CO2 and H2O into glucose with oxygen as a by product
2 of 62
What affects the rate of photosynthesis?
Light intensity, CO2 volume, Temperature
3 of 62
How do plants use glucose?
Respiration, Make cell walls, Proteins, In seeds, Starch
4 of 62
What is in the leaves of a plant and what are they for?
Mesophyll tissue = photosynthesis, Xylem&Phloem = transportation of food and water, Epidermal Tissue = covers plant
5 of 62
What affects where an organism is found?
Temperature, Water, Oxygen, CO2, Nutrients, Light
6 of 62
Whats is in an animal cell?
Nucleus, Cyptoplasm, Cell Membrane, Mitochondria, Ribosomes
7 of 62
What is in a plant cell?
Nucleus, Cyptoplasm, Cell Membrane, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Cell Wall, Permanent Vacuole, Chloroplasts
8 of 62
What is in a bacteria cell?
Cell Wall, Cyptoplasm, Genetic Material(floats), Cell Membrane
9 of 62
What is in yeast?
Nucleus, Cyptoplasm, Cell Membrane, Cell Wall
10 of 62
What does the nucleus do?
Contains the genetic material that controls the activities of the cell
11 of 62
What does the cyptoplasm do?
Gel-like and where most chemical reactions happen. Contains enzymes that control the chemical reactions.
12 of 62
What does the cell membrane do?
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
13 of 62
What does the mitochondria do?
Where most respiration reactions take place.
14 of 62
What do the ribosomes do?
These are where proteins are made
15 of 62
What does the cell wall do?
Contains cell sap to support and strengthen cell
16 of 62
What does the permanent vacuole contain?
Contains cell sap (weak sugar and salt solution)
17 of 62
What do the chloroplasts do?
Where photosynthesis occurs which makes food for plant. Contain chlorophyll.
18 of 62
What is diffusion?
high to low concentration
19 of 62
What is tissue?
group of similar cells
20 of 62
What is an organ?
group of different tissues
21 of 62
What is an organ system?
group of organs
22 of 62
What is a palisade leaf cell?
Has chloroplasts(photosynthesis), Big SA - absorb CO2, Thin - pack loads in top of leaf
23 of 62
What is a guard cell?
fill with water = open stomata for gas exchange for photosynthesis / not much water = close stomata to stop water vapour escaping ..... close at night to save water
24 of 62
What is an egg cell?
DNA, nourishes and feeds embryo, membrane changes when fertilised so no more sperm can get in
25 of 62
What is a sperm cell?
Gets male DNA to female DNA, longtail and streamline - swim, lots mitochondria - energy, enzymes - get through egg membrane
26 of 62
What is meiosis?
produces cells which have half normal number of chromosomes
27 of 62
What happens in meiosis?
DNA duplicates to form pairs of chromosomes which line up>pairs pulled apart>pulled in half by cell fibres>4 gametes with single set of chromosomes produced
28 of 62
What is mitosis?
Cell reproduces itself by splitting to form 2 identical offspring
29 of 62
What happens in mitosis?
DNA spread out in long string>DNA duplicates to form chromosomes>chromosomes line up in middle and cell fibres pull them apart>membrane forms around each half to form nucleus>cytoplasm divides to form 2 identical gametes
30 of 62
What happens in exercise?
Muscle cells use oxygen to release energy from glucose so breath rate increases and so does speed heart pumps blood at
31 of 62
Where is glucose stored?
Glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver or muscle.During excersise some glycogen turned into glucose for energy
32 of 62
What is anaerobic respiration?
glucose->energy+lactic acid, incomplete breakdown of glucose due to lack of oxygen, results in oxygen debt meaning you breath harder to oxidise lactic acid
33 of 62
What is aerobic respiration?
glucose+oxygen->CO2+water+energy, mostly in mitochondria
34 of 62
What is respiration and what can its product be used for?
releasing energy from glucose, goes on in every cell, glucose used to: build large molecules from small, contract muscles, keep constant body temp, build sugar, nitrates & nutrients into amino acid then protein
35 of 62
What are enzymes?
Biological catalyst that speeds up reaction without being changed/used up, denature above 45 degrees
36 of 62
What are enzymes used for?
Biological detergent - protein&fat digesting enzymes, Baby food - protein digesting enzyme, Starch syrup to sugar syrup - carb digesting enzyme, Glucose syrup to fructose syrup - isomerase enzyme
37 of 62
Positives and negatives of enzymes?
Pos = specific(only catalyse 1 reaction), low temp cost energy, work for long time, enviro friendly(no pollution) Neg = allergies, denature by small temp increase, tightly controlled conditions, contamination, can affect reaction
38 of 62
What happens in the stomach?
produce protease and hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and give right ph for enzyme
39 of 62
What happens in the pancreas?
Produce protease, amylase, lipase and releases these to small intestine
40 of 62
What do salivary glands do?
produce amylase in saliva
41 of 62
What happens in the liver?
produces bile to neutralise stomach acid and emulsify fats
42 of 62
What happens in the gall bladder?
Bile stored before released in small intestine
43 of 62
What happens in large intestine?
Excess water is absorbed from food
44 of 62
What happens in the rectum?
faeces stored before exit
45 of 62
What happens in the small intestine?
produce protease, amylase, lipase. digested food absorbed out digestive system to blood
46 of 62
How are big molecules broken into smaller ones?
Starch-amylase->maltose, Proteins-protease->amino acids, Lipid-lipase->glycerol and fatty acids
47 of 62
How are rocks formed from fossils?
Gradual replacement by minerals, casts and impressions, preservation where no decay happens
48 of 62
What are stem cells?
They can be turned into any cell and can be used to replace faulty cells causing disease.
49 of 62
What chromosomes does a male have?
XY
50 of 62
What chromosomes does a female have?
**
51 of 62
What did Mendel experiment with?
Pea plants
52 of 62
What is an allele?
a different version of the same gene
53 of 62
What does homozygous mean?
2 alleles for a gene are the same (bb)
54 of 62
What does heterozygous mean?
2 alleles for a gene are different (Bb)
55 of 62
Whats a dominant allele?
The one whos characteristics are shown (B)
56 of 62
Whats a recessive allele?
The one whos characteristics arent shown (b)
57 of 62
Whats a genotype?
The alleles you have
58 of 62
Whats a phenotype?
The actual characteristics you have
59 of 62
What is cystic fibrosis?
A thick mucus in the air passage and pancreas. Cause by recessive allele so parents must be either a carrier or sufferer. Ff = carrier. ff = sufferer
60 of 62
What is polydactyly?
Extra fingers or toes. Caused by a dominant allele so can be inherited by one parent being a sufferer. Cant be a carrier. Dd = sufferer. dd = normal
61 of 62
What is speciation?
Development of a new species when populations become so different they can do longer produce fertile offspring.
62 of 62

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What do chloroplasts contain and what does it do?

Back

Chlorophyll, absorbs sunlight and uses its energy to change CO2 and H2O into glucose with oxygen as a by product

Card 3

Front

What affects the rate of photosynthesis?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How do plants use glucose?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is in the leaves of a plant and what are they for?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

Biology
Biology
Biology
See all Biology resources »See all B3 resources »