biology

aqa combined science biology paper 2 2022

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  • Created by: sammi.t23
  • Created on: 14-06-22 15:26
what is the anagram for programs to reduce negative effects of human activity in the ecosystem and biodiversity?
What does it stand for?
Big Pandas Have Frequent Madness However Doctors Can Only Record.

Breeding, Protection-Habitats, Field-Margins-Hedgerows, Deforestation, CO2, Recycling.
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Breeding programmes for
endangered species
- hard as some species take a long time to reproduce and its important to prevent inbreeding

-natural habitat may be destroyed
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Protection and regeneration of
rare habitats
- secures a home for the species that live there

- eg: wetlands and coral reef
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Reintroduction of hedgerows and
field margins
allows wildflowers, insects, birds etc to live there
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Reduction of deforestation and CO2
emissions
but only by some govs and not world-wide as some countries refuse to acknowledge the level of threat we're facing from climate change
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recycling resources, not throwing
waste in landfill
this would help to reduce the toxic waste entering our soils and waterways, and also reducing the consumption of new materials
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what happens to blood glucose
levels after eating?
1- BG levels rise
2- this is picked up by pancreas
3- pancreas produces insulin
4- insulin causes cells to remove glucose from blood
5- liver and muscle cells convert glucose to glycogen and store it
6- removing glucose from blood, BG levels fall
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what happens to BG levels after
vigorous exercise?
1- BG levels too low as cells are respiring faster
2- this is picked up by the pancreas
3- pancreas begins producing glucagon
4- glucagon converts glycogen into glucose
5- glucose that is stored in muscle and liver cells starts to return to the blood
6- B
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advantages and disadvantages
of IVF
+ baby
- lots of drugs for a long time
- the drugs can give long term consequences
like cancer
- expensive (£5000 minimum)
- only a 40% success rate
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what are the 5 main glands of
the endocrine system and what
do they do
- Pituitary: FSH, LH
- Thyroid: thyroxine (regulates metabolism)
- Adrenal: adrenaline (fight or flight)
- Pancreas: insulin (BG levels)
- Ovaries/Testes: oestrogen/testosterone
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what is biodiversity?
the variety of all the different species of
organisms earth, or, within an ecosystem
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what is a stable community?
- fairly constant population size
- why? increased biodiversity means species are less dependent on just one other species
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explain biodiversity in rainforests
and deserts
In a rainforest ,monkeys generally live in trees. If that species of tree is wiped out from a disease, the monkeys can find other trees to live in. However, in a desert, birds may rely on scorpions for their source of food but if the scorpions die, the bi
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how have humans been reducing
biodiversity?
Building: Clears the land of animals and plants
Quarrying: Explosive and will destroy vegetation
Landfill: Ruins habitats and can be very toxic
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what is the difference between type 1
& type 2 diabetes?
1: Body's immune system attacks its own cells that cannot produce insulin. young adults/children. Treated with insulin injections.
2: Body is no longer able to produce enough of or respond to insulin. 40+ year olds. Due to lack of exercise/poor diet or pr
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where is sugar stored and what is it stored as
glucose is stored in the liver as glycogen
and is converted back into glucose
before being released into the
bloodstream
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what is the role of glucagon
glucagon converts glycogen into glucose
when BG levels are too low
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what is released when BG levels
are too high?
insulin
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what is a hormone?
- A chemical message secreted by endocrine glands.
- They provide chemical coordination and control for the body.
- They travel around the body by the pituitary gland; which secretes a variety of hormones into the bloodstream in response to changes in bo
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what is the role of the pancreas?
an endocrine gland, constantly controls and monitors BG concentration using insulin or glucagon
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what is the purpose of sampling?
to find the abundance (amount)
& distribution of organisms
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what are quadrats?
square frames used to count plants or slow-moving organisms
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rules of sampling
- take as many samples as possible so the results are valid
- MUST be random, eg: blindfold yourself and spin around before throwing
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explain the water cycle
Energy from the Sun heats the Earth’s surface and water EVAPOURATES from oceans, rivers and lakes. The warm air rises, carrying water vapour with it.TRANSPIRATION from plants releases water vapour into the air.The moist air cools down as it rises. Water v
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what are decomposers, what's their role, and what would happen without them?
- Microorganisms (bacteria, fungi etc)
- They feed on, and break down, dead organisms. as they do this, they release CO2 back into the atmosphere because they're respiring.
- They also release mineral ions into the soil for new plant growth
- Without deco
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explain the carbon cycle?
Carbon enters the atmosphere as CO2 from respiration and combustion.CO2 is absorbed by producers to make carbs in photosynthesis. Animals feed on plants, passing the carbon compounds along. Most carbon consumed is exhaled during respiration. These animals
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define homeostasis
Regulation of the internal environment in response to external factors.
Inside both cells and organisms.
Must be kept constant so that enzymes work effectively.
Affected easily by PH or temperature
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explain the function of stimuli, receptors, coordination centre, and effectors.
stimulus: change in environment eg:hot day,
body feels hot due to temperature rise.
receptor cells: detect this
coordination centre: process info
(brain, pancreas)
effectors: carry out response
(muscles, glands)
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explain how fossils are formed
1- when conditions for decay are absent (eg: warmth/oxygen). if an insect is trapped
in amber, it will have no oxygen.
2- when parts like teeth are replaced
with mineral ions, they decay.
3- if they are preserved traces
(eg: footprints, rootlets)
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why is the fossil record incomplete?
- Most don't become fossils
- Lost by geological activity
- Lots still to be found
- Early life was soft-bodied so would leave few traces (decayed completely)
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how does extinction occur?
1) New predators
2) New diseases
3) New, more successful competitors
4) Changes to the environment
5) Single catastrophic events like asteroids or volcanic eruptions.
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what is a fossil
the remains of dead organisms from millions of years ago, found in rocks.
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what does mitosis create?
2 identical daughter cells (diploids)
for growth and repair
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what does meiosis create?
4 different daughter cells (haploids)
for sexual reproduction
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Breeding programmes for
endangered species

Back

- hard as some species take a long time to reproduce and its important to prevent inbreeding

-natural habitat may be destroyed

Card 3

Front

Protection and regeneration of
rare habitats

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Reintroduction of hedgerows and
field margins

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Reduction of deforestation and CO2
emissions

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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