Biology

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What do animal cells have?
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes.
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What do plant cells have?
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell wall, vacuole and chloroplasts.
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what are the two main types of cells?
eukaryotic, prokaryotic.
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which living cells are eukaryotic?
plant, animal and fungal
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which living cell/s are prokaryotic?
bacteria
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which cell has a nucleus?
eukaryotic
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which cell does not have a nucleus?
prokaryotic
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magnification = ?
image size / actual size
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what's mitosis?
when the cell divides into two identical cells
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what's good about some stem cells being unspecialised?
they can change into different types of cells.
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where are adult stem cells found?
bone marrow
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where are stem cells found?
embryos
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what are stem cells used for?
to replace damaged cells.
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what's one advantage of using stem cells coming from an embryo?
painless technique.
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what's a disadvantage of using stem cells coming from an embryo?
ethnical issues.
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what's an advantage of using stem cells from bone marrows?
no ethnical issues.
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what's a disadvantage of using stem cells from bone marrows?
risk of infection.
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what can stem cells from bone marrows differentiate into?
red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets.
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what's diffusion?
the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
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two substances that would diffuse in our cells
oxygen, carbon dioxide
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what's osmosis?
the movement of water from a high water potential to a low water potential across a semi-permeable membrane.
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factors that affect diffusion?
temperature, concentration gradient
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what's the job of the nucleus?
It controls the cell and contains DNA.
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what's blood made out of?
plasma.
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how does the heart pump blood around the body?
in a double circulatory system.
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what are the four chambers in the heart?
left and right atria, left and right ventricles.
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how does the blood enter the heart?
through the atria.
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what's aerobic respiration?
with oxygen.
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what's anaerobic respiration?
without oxygen.
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what does mitochondria do?
carries out aerobic respiration to release energy.
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what do white blood cells release to fight off toxins?
antitoxins.
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what are the 4 pathogens?
bacteria, virus, fungi, protists.
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aerobic respiration = ?
glucose + oxygen -> co2 + water
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photosynthesis = ?
co2 + water -> glucose + oxygen
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what happens if oxygen cannot reach the muscles?
it creates a build up of lactic acid.
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What are the 3 blood vessels?
arteries, veins, capillaries.
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what's the job of arteries?
carries blood from the heart to the organs.
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what's the job of the vein?
takes blood from your organs to your heart.
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what's the job of capillaries?
to allow substances to move in and out of the blood.
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does arteries have a thick or thin wall?
thick
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does veins have a thick or thin wall?
thin
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does capillaries have a thick or thin wall?
thin
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what are the 3 enzymes?
amylase, protease and lipase.
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where is amylase found?
salivary glands and pancreas.
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where is protease found?
stomach, pancreas and small intestine.
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where is lipase found?
pancreas and small intestine.
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what does amylase break down?
starch into sugar molecules.
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what does protease break down?
proteins into amino acids.
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what does lipase break down?
lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.
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What is bile?
a liquid made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
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two functions of bile in the liver?
neutralises acidic food so lipase can break down fats and emulsifies fats.
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where are stem cells found?
meristem tissue in the tips of the roots.
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what does a semi-permeable allow?
substances to move through.
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muscle cells require a lot of energy during what?
exercise.
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what does active transport do?
moves substances from against a concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to high concentration.
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what are enzymes?
catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.
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what are the properties of enzymes?
they are all large proteins, they have an active site, they work best at a specific temperature and pH.
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what's the meaning of hypertonic?
water goes out of the cell.
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what's the meaning of isotonic?
water goes in and out of the cell or stays the same.
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what do phagocytes do?
engulf and ingest pathogens in the body.
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what do lymphocytes produce?
antibodies and antitoxins.
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what do you use to test for starch?
iodine.
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what do you use to test for glucose?
benedict.
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what do you use to test for fats?
Sudan.
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What do you use to test for proteins?
biuret.
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what colour does it change into when starch is present?
from blue to black.
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what colour does it change into when glucose is present?
from blue to brick red.
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what happens when fats is present?
an oil layer forms at the top.
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what colour does it change into when proteins is present?
from blue to purple.
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what do valves do?
prevent backflow.
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is artery wide or narrow?
narrow.
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is vein wide or narrow?
wide.
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is capillary wide or narrow?
wide.
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what do catalysts do?
speeds up chemical reactions.
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why is it important that the heart contains muscle tissues?
so it can contract.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What do plant cells have?

Back

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell wall, vacuole and chloroplasts.

Card 3

Front

what are the two main types of cells?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

which living cells are eukaryotic?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

which living cell/s are prokaryotic?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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