Biology

?
  • Created by: tklmn
  • Created on: 23-04-20 10:02
monomer
a small molecule that join together to make polymers
1 of 33
polymer
made of identical/similar monomers joined together
2 of 33
condensation reaction
making bonds - releases water
3 of 33
hydrolysis reaction
breaking bonds - using water
4 of 33
bonds in a carbohydrate
glycosidic bonds
5 of 33
dimer
2 identical/similar molecules joined together
6 of 33
test for reducing sugars (donate electrons)
Benedict's reagent - turns from blue to red when heated
7 of 33
a-glucose + a-glucose =
water + maltose
8 of 33
a-glucose + fructose =
water + sucrose
9 of 33
a-glucose + galactose =
water + lactose
10 of 33
lipid characteristics
saturated fatty acids, contain C H and O atoms, insoluble in water, soluble in organic substances eg alcohols
11 of 33
unsaturated
carbon double bond is present
12 of 33
monounsaturated
only one carbon double bond present
13 of 33
polyunsaturated
more than one carbon double bond
14 of 33
saturated
no double bonds
15 of 33
roles of lipids
energy source, waterproofing, insulation, protection of organs
16 of 33
triglycerides
3 fatty acids and a glycerol molecule - 3H2O formed in a condensation reaction
17 of 33
fatty acids
hydrophobic - don't like water
18 of 33
phosphate group
hydrophilic - like water
19 of 33
lipid test
1. add 5cm3 ethanol and shake. 2. add 5cm3 water and shake. 3. cloudy white precipitate = lipid present
20 of 33
phospholipid
1 phosphate group, 1 glycerol and 2 fatty acids
21 of 33
amino acid (monopeptide)
make proteins, NH2 = amine group, COOH = carboxyl group, R = carbon-containing chain
22 of 33
protein
amino acids joined together in condensation reaction forms peptide bonds
23 of 33
test for proteins
Biuret test - add Biuret 1 solution, add Biuret 2 solution. if it turns from blue to lilac, protein is present
24 of 33
function of enzymes
biological catalysts, lower the activation energy by providing an alternative pathway, unchanged after reaction
25 of 33
structure of enzymes
globular proteins, specific tertiary structure, active site = functional group
26 of 33
enzyme action
molecule which enzymes act on is the substrate which is complementary to the enzyme's active site, forms and enzyme-substrate complex
27 of 33
primary structure
the sequence of amino acids
28 of 33
secondary structure
the folding of the polypeptide chain due to hydrogen bonds into alpha helix or beta-pleated sheet
29 of 33
tertiary structure
the 3D folding due to hydrogen, ionic and disulfide bonds
30 of 33
quaternary structure
two or more polypeptide chains joined together
31 of 33
competitive inhibitors
similar shape to substrate, complementary to enzyme's active site, which they enter, preventing enzyme-substrate complexes from forming.
32 of 33
non-competitive inhibitors
change shape of enzyme's active site so no enzyme-substrate complexes can form
33 of 33

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

made of identical/similar monomers joined together

Back

polymer

Card 3

Front

making bonds - releases water

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

breaking bonds - using water

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

glycosidic bonds

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Biological molecules resources »