BIOLOGY KEY WORDS- 3

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Carpel
the female structure in flowers which contains one or more ovaries and their stigmas and styles
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Gamete
sex cell
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Germination
when a plant starts to grow from a seed
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Runner
the stem produced by some plants that grows along the ground from which new plants develop
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Secondary sexual characteristics
the physical characteristics that develop at puberty
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Egg and Sperm
the female and male gamete
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Stamen
the male structure in flowers that contains the anther
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Stigma
the female structure in flowers where pollen grains attach in pollination
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Testes
the site of sperm production in men
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Zygote
a fertilised egg, formed from the fusion of a male gamete and female gamete
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Codominance
when both alleles for a game are expresses in the phenotype
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Codon
a sequence of 3 bases on DNA or mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid
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Diploid
describes a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
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DNA
the chemical that forms chromosomes and carries the genetic code
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Double helix
describes the shape of the DNA molecule, rater like a twisted ladder
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Family pedigree
a diagram that shows the inheritance of different forms of a characteristic through the generations within a family
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Gene
a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein to produce a particular characteristic
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Genetic code
the code formed by the order of the bases in DNA that instructs cells how characteristics should be produced; it does this by telling cells to produce particular proteins
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Genetic diagram
a diagram that displays how a characteristic may be inherited by offspring from their parents' alleles
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Genome
an organism's genome means all its DNA or genes
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Genotype
an individual's genotype describes its genetic makeup
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Haploid
describes a cell that contains only one set of chromosomes, such as gametes
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Heterozygous
where the two alleles for a gene are the different in the genotype
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Homozygous
where the two alleles for a gene are the same in the genotype
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Ionising radiation
radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays and ultraviolet radiation, that can damage cells and produce mutations in genes
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Meiosis
the form of cell division that produces four haploid, and genetically different, cells from a diploid parent cell producing gametes
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Mitosis
the form of cell division that produces two identical diploid daughter cells from a diploid body cell, used for growth and repair in the body and in cloning and asexual reproduction
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Monohybrid cross
refers to the inheritance of a characteristic produced by one gene
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mRNA (messenger RNA)
molecules are copies of the DNA code for a particular protein, that travel to the ribosomes for protein synthesis
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Mutagen
a chemical that produces mutations in genes
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Mutation
a random change in a gene, sometimes producing a new allele
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Phenotype
an organism's phenotype describes its physical characteristics; it is affected by both an organism's genes and its environment
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Polygenic
polygenic characteristics are controlled by the alleles of more than one gene
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Protein synthesis
the process by which proteins are made at ribosomes
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Ribosomes
small organelles in the cytoplasm that are the site of protein synthesis
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RNA (ribonucleic acid)
the chemical that mRNA, tRNA and ribosomes are made from; it is similar to DNA but is usually single stranded and contains the base uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)
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Sex chromosomes
chromosomes that control the sex of an individual, such as, in humans, ** in woman and girls and XY in men and boys
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Transcription
the first part of protein synthesis in which an mRNA copy is made of a section of DNA coding for a gene; it happens in the nucleus
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Translation
the second part of protein synthesis in which amino acids are joined together in the order coded for by mRNA; it happens on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
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tRNA (transfer RNA)
molecules are small RNA molecules that transport amino acid molecules to the ribosomes for protein synthesis
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

sex cell

Back

Gamete

Card 3

Front

when a plant starts to grow from a seed

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

the stem produced by some plants that grows along the ground from which new plants develop

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

the physical characteristics that develop at puberty

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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