Biology

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  • Created by: Sophie00
  • Created on: 08-02-19 11:39
Nucleus
Contains DNA that controls activities in the cell
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Mitochondria
Where most of the aerobic respiration reactions take place
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Cytoplasm
Gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen
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Cell membrane
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
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Ribosomes
Where proteins are made in the cell
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Permenant vacuole
Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salt.
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Chloroplasts
Where photosynthesis occurs-makes food for the plant
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What is a eukaryotic cell?
They are complex and include animal and plant cells
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What is a prokaryotic cell?
Smaller and simpler cells such as bacteria.
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What is the subcellular structures of bacteria?
Cell membrane, cell wall, circular strand of DNA, cytoplasm, plasmid.
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What is the equation for magnification?
Magnification = image size ÷ real size
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What is differentiation?
The process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job
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What is the function of a sperm cell?
To get maledna to female dna
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How is a sperm cell specialised for reproduction?
Stteamlinehead to help it swim into the egg. Lots of Mitochondria to provideenergy needed. Carries enzymes in its head to digest through the egg cell membran
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What is the function of the nerve cell?
To carry electrical signals from one part of the body to the other
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How are nerve cells specualised for rapid signalling?
They are long and have branched Connections at their ends to connect to other nerve cells and form a network throught the body.
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What is the functions of muscle cells?
To contract quickly
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How are muscles cells specialised for contraction?
These cells are long and contain lots of mitochondria to generate energy needed for contraction
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How are root hair cells specialised for absorbing water and minerals?
Long hair like structures that stick out into the soil.This gives them a big surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions from the soil.
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What is diffusion?
The spreading of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
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What affects the rate of diffusion?
A higher temperature will give a faster diffusion rate because the particles have more energy. The larger the surface area the faster the rate of diffusion.
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What is osmosis?
The movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration.
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What is active transport?
When substances need to be absorbed against a concentration gradient.
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Explain why temprature affects the rate of diffusion?
The higher the tempreture the quicker the rate of diffusion because the particles therefore have more energy and so move around faster.
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Name two exchange surfaces in humans?
the alveoli and the vili (small intestines)
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Give two ways the structure of a gilln is adapted for effective gas exchange?
it is made up of gill filaments that give a large surface area, the lamellae have a thin surface layer of cells/
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What is a tissue?
a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function.
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list the tissues found in humans?
muscular tissue, glandular tissue, epithelial tissue.
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What is a catalyst?
A substance that increases the speed of reaction.
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What is the optimun tempreture for enzymes to work?
38 degrees
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Mitochondria

Back

Where most of the aerobic respiration reactions take place

Card 3

Front

Cytoplasm

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Cell membrane

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Ribosomes

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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