biology 1 genes, chromosomes and DNA

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what is the nucleus?
most cells in your body have a nucleus and its the nucleus that containst your genetic material, these are arranged into chromosomes.
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what is a chromosome?
the human cell nucleus contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, each one is a very long molecule of DNA thats coiled up.
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what is a gene?
is a short length of a chromosome - they control the development of different characteristics eg. hair colour and how and organism functions, they can exist in different versions. each version giving a different form of characteristics.
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what are alleles?
different versions of the same gene.
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what are proteins?
proteins are the building blocks for cells, having different versions of proteins means that we end up with different characteristics.
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what types of proteins are there? and what are their purpose?
structural proteins- part of things like skin, hair, blood and the cytoplasm. functional proteins - for example enzymes are proteins that help with digestion by breaking down food molecules.
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what is a genotype and what is a phenotype?
an organisms genotype is all the genes it has and the characteristics that an oeganism displays are called phenotupe.
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characteristics caused by genes?
dimples, controlled onlu by genes. this can be one gene, or quite often the characteristics is controlled by several genes working togtehr eg. eyecolour
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characteristics caused by enviromental factsors?
scars, are only controlled by enviromental factors. they dont have anything to do with genes and are caused by things like how and where you live.
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an example of where characteristics are caused by both enviromental factors and genes?
weight, if both your parents are skinny, you're more likely to be skinny.
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Card 2

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what is a chromosome?

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the human cell nucleus contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, each one is a very long molecule of DNA thats coiled up.

Card 3

Front

what is a gene?

Back

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Card 4

Front

what are alleles?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what are proteins?

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