what is through most common intervention for depression?
anitdepressants drugs
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what do antidepressants target?
specific neurotransmitters
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how do antidepressants work ?
by increasing noradrenaline and serotonin in the brain
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how are anti depressants often used?
in conjuction with other therapies
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what are anti depressants ?
agonists
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how do anti depressants increase noradrenaline or serotonin?
by either blocking the reuptake of the chemical or preventing the enzyme that breaks down the chemical in the synapse.
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what does this cause?
the neurotransmitters to become available in the synapse for longe thereby increasing the activity on the post synaptic neuron
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what do doctors often prescribe first?
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
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why are SSRIs safer?
they are less likely to lead to serious effects if overdosed and they lead to less negative side effects than other antidepressants
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what do SSRIs include?
Fluoxetine
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How do SSRIs work?
by blocking the reuptake of serotonin by blocking the transporter cells therefore more serotonin is left in the synapse stimulating the receptor sites of the post synaptic neuron
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how do serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) work?
in a similar way to SSRIs by blocking the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine.
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is there any evidence that SNRIs are more effective?
NO but may have less side effects for certain people
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how do tricyclic antidepressants work?
they block the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline so they remain in the synapse for longer and have greater effectt
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what do tricyclic antidepressants tend to have?
more severe side effects and consequences
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when are tricyclic antidepressants prescribed?
when SSRIs have been ineffective
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when are Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) prescribed?
as a last resort when other medications have not worked
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does MAOIs have serious side effects?
YES
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how do MAOIs work?
by stopping the enzymes that break up amine neurotransmitters in the synapse.
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what does using MAOIs require?
a strict diet, interaction with food that contain tyramine such as certain cheeses, pickles and wine
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what should MAOIs not be taken with?
common drugs or SSRIs
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why are drugs often combined with other forms of therapy?
because drugs treat the symptoms of depression but not the cause
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what is wrong with drug trials?
they are often expensive, and are funded by drug companies with a vested interest in providing the drug is effective
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what have studies in Canada and Holland shown?
that people recover without taking anti-depressants
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what do anti depressants provide people with?
a relief from debilitating symptoms which allow them to access and benefit from other types of therapy such as CBT
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