Biological therapies of depression

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  • Created by: Abw97
  • Created on: 28-01-16 11:06
What led to the development of biological treatements?
The combinations of a rise in frequency of depression and an increase in evidence of biological causes.
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Explain ECT. (AO1)
Used for severely depressed as a last resort. Unilateral/ Bilateral .... Given anesthetic, nerve block and oxygen. 0.6 amps for 0.5 seconds = seizure lasting 1 minute. Seizure enhances blood flow and neurochemical transmission.
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What is the difference between unilateral and bilateral?(AO1)
Unilateral = dominant side of brain and forehead... Bilateral = electrode on each temple. Sakheim = Bilateral is most dangerous, but has equal results.
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What did Datto say the side effects of ECT were? (AO2)
Headaches, Impaired memory and Cardiovascular changes.
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What did Rose et al say about ECT?(AO2)
One third of patients complained of impaired memory.
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What did the DOH say aboout ECT? (AO2)
Last 2 years of those receiving ECT, 30% = permanent fear and anxiety.
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What did Rapaport et al find in a case study of ECT? (AO2)
Depression occurred after year separation from husband, attempted suicide 4 times. psychotherapy and antidepressants = little effects. BDI score = 30. 8 sessions of ECT. After 3, little change. Last session, BDI = 7 and no suicidal thoughts.
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What ethical issue did the DOH report? (AO2)
770 people received ECT. 59% didn't consent. Those who volunteered didn't receive informed consent.
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Explain antidepressants. (AO1)
Moderately --> severely depressed. 4-6 month. Phases = Acute, Continuation and Maintenance... Work by = prevent reabsorption of neurotransmitters by blocking enzyme which breaks them down.
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What is the difference between Tricyclics and SSRIs? (AO1)
Trycyclics =blocl re-absorption of neurotransmitters. SSRIs = block re-uptake of mainly serotoni, which increase the amount available to excite neighboring brain cells (prozac)
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What did Kirsh et al find about depression? (AO2)
Clinical trials. Those with Severe depression = SSRI advanatage. Moderately depressed = Placebo advantage (hope). In sever = placebo no effect (expectation of anything working lessened)
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For those who fail with SSRIs .... (AO2)
.... may have alternative method of non SSRIs.
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What did Popakostas et al find about SSRIs and non SSRIs? (AO2)
No difference in effectiveness.
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What did Turner et al find about publication bias? (AO2)
Studies with positive results = more likely to be published. Those without positive results = published in a way seen to be positive. Leading to faulty diagnosis.
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What did Benek-Higgens et al find about age bias and treatments? (AO2)
Elderly = misdiagnosed. --> natural changes in individual and lifestyle. Antidepressants = less likely given if needed. Elderly less likely to seek advise due to stigma of mental illnesses.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Explain ECT. (AO1)

Back

Used for severely depressed as a last resort. Unilateral/ Bilateral .... Given anesthetic, nerve block and oxygen. 0.6 amps for 0.5 seconds = seizure lasting 1 minute. Seizure enhances blood flow and neurochemical transmission.

Card 3

Front

What is the difference between unilateral and bilateral?(AO1)

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What did Datto say the side effects of ECT were? (AO2)

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What did Rose et al say about ECT?(AO2)

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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