Exogenous zeitgebers are the environmental cues responsible for resetting the biological clock of an organism. They can include social cues, e.g. meal times, light and noise.
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Endogenous pacemakers
Endogenous pacemakers are internal mechanisms that govern biological rhythms, in particular the circadian sleep/wake cycle.
Example: the suprachiasmatic nucleus
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Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Located within hypothalamus
Uses signals from eyes to help establish and maintain biological clock
sends signal to pineal gland
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Photosensitive retinal ganglion cells
Detects brightness of light -> sends signal to suprachiasmatic nucleus
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pineal gland
Produces melatonin
signal from suprachiasmatic nucleus (signalling if it's day or night) causes pineal gland to secrete little/lots of melatonin.
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Melatonin
Hormone secreted by pineal gland
Helps us feel sleepy
Regulates sleep-wake cycle
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Homeostasis
The maintenance of a stable internal environment of an organism.
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Hypothalamus
Region of the brain that controls many hormones.
It is also responsible for maintaining homeostasis
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Endogenous pacemakers
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Endogenous pacemakers are internal mechanisms that govern biological rhythms, in particular the circadian sleep/wake cycle.
Example: the suprachiasmatic nucleus
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