The soma (cell body), dendrites, axon, terminal buttons.
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What does the soma do?
Contains nucleus, integrates inputs received by Neuron.
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What do the dendrites do?
Branches cellular extensions that receive input of info from other neutrons
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What does the axon do?
Long tube structure (myelin coated) that transports info from soma to terminal buttons.
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What do terminal buttons (axon terminals) do?
Communicate the info received from the axon to other neurons.
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What do neurons do?
Process and transmit information.
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Three types of neutrons and their function?
Sensory - bring info to central nervous system
Interneurons - associate sensory and motor activity in the CNS
Motor - Send signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles
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What supports neurons?
Glial cells
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What are the three types of Glial cells?
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
microglia
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What do astrocytes do?
- star shaped
-hold neutrons in place and provide them nourishment
- Synchronise activity of the axon by wrapping around the presynaptic terminal and taking up chemicals released by axon
- clean up dead neurons
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What do Oligodendrocytes do?
- support axon
- Produce the Myelin coating (only in the CNS, not the PNS)
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What do microglia do?
-Work with immune system
-Remove waste material, viruses and fungi from the brain
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What is in the CNS?
Brain and Spinal cord
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What is in the PNS
The autonomic and Somatic systems
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What does the somatic system do?
Controls voluntary movements of the skeletal muscles.
Full of axons conveying messages from sense organs > CNS and CNS > Muscles
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What does the autonomic system do?
Controls self-regulated action of internal organs (heart, intestines etc)and glands. It is sympathetic (arousing), or parasympathetic (calming).
Regulates automatic behaviours of the body (BP, heart rate, respiration etc.)
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What does the Sympathetic nervous system do?
Network of nerves that prep the organs for rigorous activity (e.g. increase heart rate etc)
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What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?
Facilitates vegetative, nonemergency responses. Decreases functions that the sympathetic has increased, and is dominant during our relaxed state.
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What are the 6 direction terminologies?
Anterior - to the front
Posterior - to the back
Dorsal - to the top
Ventral - to the bottom
Medial - to the middle
Lateral - to the sides
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What is white matter?
Communication tracts (axons) covered with Myelin.
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What is gray matter?
Cell bodies (soma) and dendrites. Grey matter = cerebral cortex, cognitive part of our brains.
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