Biological Psychology

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Glial cells
provide structural support to the nervous system
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Schwan cells
provide myelination to single neuronal axons in the PNS (white matter)
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Ogliodendrocytes
provide myelination to the CNS (white matter)
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Microglia
phagocytic cells that ingest and break down waste products and pathogens in the CNS
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Astrocytes
act as structural support and a reserve fuel source in the brain
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Ependymal cells
form the lining of the ventricular system in the CNS; play a role in CSF
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Unipolar neurons
One pole coming from the soma, generally sensory
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Bipolar neurons
Two poles coming from the soma, generally sensory
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Multipolar cells
Many poles coming from the soma, generally motor
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Rods and cones are an example of a
bipolar neuron
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Pyramidal cells are located primarily in the
cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala
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Pyramidal neurons are responsible for
excitatory effects of glutamate and inhibitory effects of GABA
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Granular neurons are largely responsible for
linking of sensory modalities
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Purkinje neurons are largely responsible for
muscle learning and ballistic motor actions
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Purkinje neurons are mainly found in the
cerebellum
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The neuronal cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer with
a hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head
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The first neurotransmitter to be discovered by Henry Hallet Dale was
acetylcholine
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What neurotransmitter is present at nerve-muscle connections?
acetylcholine
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Which neurotransmitter binds to nicotinic receptors?
acetylcholine
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What neurotransmitter generally has an excitatory effect, although has an inhibitory effect in the heart?
acetylcholine
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Which neurotransmitter that is prevalent in the hippocampus can cause brief amnesia if blocked?
acetylcholine
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Which neurotransmitter is involved in the fight or flight response?
norepinephrine
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What neurotransmitter is most affected by cocaine and amphetamines?
norepinephrine
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Which neurotransmitter regulates arousal, attention, sleep, and mood?
norepinephrine
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What neurotransmitter is implicated in movement, attention, learning/reward, and attachment?
dopamine
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Too little dopamine is implicated in
Parkinson's
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Too much dopamine is implicated in
Tourette's
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The nigrostriatal pathway is associated with which neurotransmitter?
dopamine
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Depression, anxiety, migraine, eating disorders, and possibly epilepsy are associated with what neurotransmitter?
serotonin
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What neurotransmitter is involved in temperature regulation, onset of sleep, feeding, and sensory perception?
serotonin
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The only neurotransmitter to have a direct precursor in diet, tryptophan, is
serotonin
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Which neurotransmitter is known to cause hallucinations?
serotonin
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What is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter?
GABA
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Receptor antagonists
bind to and block receptors
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Receptor agonists
bind to receptors and mimic normal neurotransmission
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Inverse agonists
bind to receptors and produce the opposite effect
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Most neuroleptics block the action of
dopamine
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MAO inhibitors block the monoamine oxidase enzyme, which breaks down
norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine
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Neuroleptics are informally called
antipsychotics
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SSRIs
inhibit the reuptake of serotonin
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What neurotransmitter occurs exclusively in the brain?
GABA
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Benzodiazepines enhance the effects of what neurotransmitter?
GABA
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What pathway is activated by eating, drugs (with the exception of psychedelics), sex, exercise, and other "reward" beahviours?
nucleus accumbens
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Which drug mediates anxiety by blocking norepinephrine?
Beta blockers
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Benzodiazepines and alcohol are
sedatives
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Amphetamines, cocaine, coffee, and nicotine are
stimulants
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LSD, DMT, and psilocybin are
psychedelics
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Grey matter
is central in the spine and outer in the brain
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White matter
is central in the brain and outer in the spine
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Grey matter contains a high concentration of
neuronal cell bodies
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White matter contains a high concentration of
myelin and long fibres of axons
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Schwan cells

Back

provide myelination to single neuronal axons in the PNS (white matter)

Card 3

Front

Ogliodendrocytes

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Microglia

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Astrocytes

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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