Biological Molecules, organic chemistry and biochemistry.

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  • Created by: eloise_l
  • Created on: 24-11-17 10:35
What is the Condensation reaction?
Formation of polymers when a sub-unit is added a molecule of water is formed, reactions that produce water in this way are called condensation reactions.
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What is the Hydrolysis reaction?
Polymers can be broken down with the addition of water, splitting the sub-units.
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What is a polymer?
Multiple monomers bonded in a long chain
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What is a monomer?
A single unit that can be repeated in a long chain to form a polymer.
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Covalent bonding
Sharing of electrons between 2 non-metals. weak bonds unless it is a giant covalent structure.
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Ionic bonding
Transfer of electrons between 1 non-metal and 1 metal.Become ions, weaker bonds and electrostatic attraction.
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Hydrogen bonding
Forms between molecules. the negative region of one polarised molecule and the positive region of another. A weak electrostatic bond is formed. They can collectively form important forces that alter the physical properties of molecules.
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Polymerization and Macromolecules
Monomers can be linked together to form long chain polymers. Monomers are usually carbon based. Polythene and polyester are industrially produced. Polysaccharides, polypeptides,polynucleotides are made naturally by living organisms.
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Glucose+Glucose =?
Fructose
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Glucose+Fructose=?
Sucrose
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Glucose+Galactase=?
Lactase
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Moles
One mole of a substance contains the same number of particles, atoms, and molecules or ions as one mole of any other substance.
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Carbohydrates
Store energy in plants and animals (starch and glycogen). They provide a structural role in plant cell walls (cellulose).
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Monosaccharides
Reduce benedicts reagent. sweet tasting. Soluble. Easily transported. Are the main respiratory substrates. Glucose and fructose have the same formula.
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What is a lipid?
Contains carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. The proportion of oxygen to carbon and hydrogen is smaller than in carbohydrates. They are insoluble in water and soluble in some solvents. Triglycerides- Glycerol +3 fatty acids.
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Fatty acid
They all have a xarboxyll group -COOH, which is what makes then acid. Fatty acids also have R groups- hydrocarbon chains.
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Proteins
Triglycerides are not monomers of a polymer as they are made up of 3 fatty acids and glycerol. Meaning triglyceride is a polymer. Proteins are 3 dimensional polymers. Proteins function as enzymes and hormones and are important in diffusion.
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What is a calorie?
How much energy is needed to raise 1 litre of water by 1 degree.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Polymers can be broken down with the addition of water, splitting the sub-units.

Back

What is the Hydrolysis reaction?

Card 3

Front

Multiple monomers bonded in a long chain

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

A single unit that can be repeated in a long chain to form a polymer.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Sharing of electrons between 2 non-metals. weak bonds unless it is a giant covalent structure.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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