High boiling point - due to hydrogen bonding Ice less dense than water - hydrogen bonds in open lattice Cohesive - molecules are attracted to each other
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Give 3 ways water is vital for life
Is a solvent so transports dissolved compounds into and out of cells, transport medium, high heat capacity means fish have contestant temperature environment
More free ends so glucose (energy) can be added or released rapidly
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How do you test for reducing sugars
Benedicts and heat (blue to red)
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How do you test for non reducing sugars
Boil in HCl acid then benedicts and heat
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How do you test for starch
Add iodine (yellow to black)
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Advantage of using reagent strips
Concentration of the sugar can be determined
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What is a triglyceride made from
1 glycerol and 3 fatty acid tails
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What is the role of cholesterol
Controls membrane fluidity
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What are the roles of lipids in the body
Insulation, phosolipid membrane, buoyancy, hormone production
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How do you test for lipids
Emulsion test - mix in ethanol then mix in water (white emulsion indicates lipid)
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What are the 4 levels of protein structure
Primary - sequence of amino acids secondary - hydrogen bonds form and pull it into a coil shape Tertiary - folding into final shape Quaternary - interactions between subunits
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Name the bonds formed in a protein
Hydrogen bonds, disulphides bonds, ionic bonds, r - group interactions (hydrophilic/hydrophobic)
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How do you test for a protein
Biuret test (form violet complexes)
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What is the function of globular proteins
Compact & soluble, transported in blood, enzymes, hormones
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