BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES

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Outline structure & function of Starch/Glycogen
Helical structure - makes it compact Insoluble - does not affect water potential large -does not leave cell
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Outline structure & function of Cellulose
chains of B-glucose, made via condensation. glycosidic bonds between monomers & h-bonds between chains. microfibers make wall strong, allows it to resist osmotic pressure & resists action of enzymes
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Outline structure & function of a Phospholipid
2 FA, a phosphate & a glycerol controls movement of substances in cell membranes. form bilayer in membrane-prevents polar molecules through.
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Outline structure & function of a Triglyceride
3 FA with 1 glycerol joined by ester bonds via condensation insoluble- due to hydrophobic tails =do not affect WP long hydrocarbon tail=store lots of energy low mass= great storage molecules
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Outline structure of a Protein
polymer of AA, joined by peptide bonds via condensation. primary-structure of AA. secondary=folding of chain due to H-bonding. tertiary=3-D due to ionic/H-bonding. Quaternary=2 or more polypeptide chains.
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Outline enzyme inhibitors
reduce binding of enzyme to substrate. com=similar shape to substrate-binds to active site of enzyme-overcome by adding more substrate. non-com=binds to allosteric site; changes shape of active site- cannot be overcome
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Outline differences between RNA & DNA
DNA=thymine-RNA=uracil. DNA=introns-RNA=no introns. DNA=longer-RNA=shorter. DNA=deoxyribose -RNA=ribose. DNA=double stranded-RNA=single stranded.
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Outline how structure of DNA is related to its function
Double stranded-replication occurs semi-conservatively. helical-makes it compact. weak H-bonds between strands-easily separated. large-carries lots of material. base sequence-codes for AA. Sugar-phosphate backbone-protects bases.
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Outline process of DNA replication
Helicase breaks H-bonds between bases- forms single strands= act as templates. free-flowing nucleotides attach onto exposed bases by complementary base pairing. Polymerase joins nucleotides via condensation=H-bonds from between bases.
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Explain why ATP is a better immediate energy source than glucose
hydrolysis of ATP is a single reaction. releases energy in small manageable ammounts. soluble.
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Outline properties of water
polar=acts as solvent; reactions faster in solutions. reactive=takes place in hydrolysis/condensation. cohesive=allows it to flow; used to transport substances. high SHC=doesn't experience rapid temp changes.
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Outline functions of some inorganic ions
Fe2+= bind to O2 in heamoglobin h+= lower pH Na+=helps glucose cross cell membranes
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Outline structure & function of Cellulose

Back

chains of B-glucose, made via condensation. glycosidic bonds between monomers & h-bonds between chains. microfibers make wall strong, allows it to resist osmotic pressure & resists action of enzymes

Card 3

Front

Outline structure & function of a Phospholipid

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Outline structure & function of a Triglyceride

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Outline structure of a Protein

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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