A large molecule made up of long chains of monomers - formed by condensation
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Monosaccharide
A monomer of carbohydrates.
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Disaccharide
A molecule formed from two monosaccharides.
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Polysaccharide
A long chain molecule made up of more than two monosaccharides.
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Starch
A carbohydrate made up of two polysaccharides: amylose and amylopectin. Used as a store of energy in cell plants.
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Glycogen
A polysaccharide made from a long, branched, chain of alpha glucose.
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Cellulose
A polysaccharide made up of long, unbranched chains of beta-glucose.
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Triglycerides
A lipid containing one molecule of glycerol attached to three fatty acids.
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Saturated Fatty Acid
A fatty acid with no double bonds between carbons.
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Unsaturated Fatty Acid
A fatty acid with double bonds between carbons.
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Phospholipid
A lipid containing one molecule of of glycerol attached to two fatty acids and a phosphate group. The main component of the cell membrane - the bilayer.
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Amino Acid
The monomer of proteins.
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Dipeptide
A molecule formed from two amino acids.
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Polypeptide
A molecule formed from more than two amino acids.
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Primary Structure (of a protein)
The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.
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Secondary Structure (of a protein)
The long chain coils into an alpha helix or a beta pleated shape.
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Tertiary Structure (of a protein)
The coiled chain is folded even further, forming hydrogen, ionic and/or disulphide bonds.
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Quaternary Structure (of a protein)
Some proteins have two or more polypeptide chains held together by bonds in a 3D (globular) shape.
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Enzyme
A protein that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions.
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Enzyme-Substrate Complex
Formed when a substrate molecule binds to the active site of an enzyme.
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Lock and Key Model
Where the active site has a fixed shape so that it is complementary to the substrate.
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Induced Fit Model
Where the active site doesn't have a fixed shape and is not complementary to the substrate. The substrate makes the active site change shape in order to fit in.
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Competitive Inhibitor
A molecule that has a similar shape to a substrate and occupies the enzyme's active site.
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Non-Competitive Inhibitor
A molecule that binds on a site that it is not the active site. This changes the shape of the active site so that the substrate is no longer complementary and cannot bind.
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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid - the molecule in cells that stores genetic information.
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RNA
A type of nucleic acid containing ribose and uracil instead of deoxyribose and thymine.
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Nucleotide
The monomer which makes up polynucleotides, consisting of: pentose sugar, a phosphate group and a base.
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Polynucleotide
Two polynucleotide strands coil together to make the DNA double helix.
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DNA Helicase
The enzyme which breaks the hydrogen bonds between two polynucleotides in DNA replication.
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DNA Polymerase
The enzyme which joins together the polynucleotides on a new strand of DNA in DNA replication.
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Semi-Conservative Replication
Replication of DNA in which half of the new molecules of DNA are from the original piece of DNA.
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ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate - a molecule made up of adenine, ribose sugar and three phosphate groups. It is the immediate source of energy in a cell.
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ATP Hydrolase
The enzyme which catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP into ADP and Pi.
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ATP Synthase
The enzyme which catalyses the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi.
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Phosphorylation
Where inorganic phosphate is added to another compound in order to make it more reactive.
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Inorganic Ion
An ion (charged particle) that doesn't usually contain carbon.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A large molecule made up of long chains of monomers - formed by condensation
Back
Polymer
Card 3
Front
A monomer of carbohydrates.
Back
Card 4
Front
A molecule formed from two monosaccharides.
Back
Card 5
Front
A long chain molecule made up of more than two monosaccharides.
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