Biological Molecules 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyBiological moleculesASAQA Created by: LaellexCreated on: 20-03-16 14:38 What's a molar solution? a solution containing 1 mole of solute per litre of water 1 of 23 What unusual feature do carbon atoms have? they readily form bonds with other carbon atoms, forming a backbone that other atoms can attach 2 of 23 What is a condensation reaction? a reaction that joins small molecules to form large ones + water is eliminated 3 of 23 What is a hydrolysis reaction? water is added to break bonds; splitting a large molecule into a small one 4 of 23 What is a monosaccharide? a sweet-tasting, soluble monomer that forms crystals 5 of 23 What is the general formula for monosaccharides? (CH2O)N 6 of 23 Formula for glucose? C6H12O6 7 of 23 Which molecules are reducing sugars? all monosaccharides + some disaccharides (maltose) 8 of 23 What is a reducing sugar? a sugar that can donate electrons to a chemical 9 of 23 Why is there a colour change to brick-red in benedicts reagent test? the monosaccharide reduces copper (ii) sulfate (benedicts), forming copper (i) oxide 10 of 23 What can you infer from the colour change? if a reducing sugar is present + how much of it 11 of 23 Examples of monosaccharides glucose, fructose, galactose 12 of 23 Examples of disaccharides? maltose, lactose + sucrose 13 of 23 How are disaccharides formed? by condensation reaction joining 2 monosacharides by a glycosidic bond. Wtaer is also eliminated 14 of 23 Polysaccarides are hydrolysed to form? monosaccharides + disaccharides 15 of 23 Examples of polysaccharides? starch, cellulose, glycogen 16 of 23 What is a polymer? a large molecule made of smaller repeating units (monomers) 17 of 23 Purpose of starch? a major component in food and source of energy in diets 18 of 23 What 2 types of chains exist in starch? amylose (unbranched) + amylopectin (branched) 19 of 23 Where is glycogen found? in animals + bacteria- stored as small granules in muscle and liver 20 of 23 What monomer is starch and glycogen made from? alpha glucose 21 of 23 What monomer is cellulose made from? beta glucose (every other monomer inverted 180 degrees) 22 of 23 What is the structure of cellulose? straight unbranched chains, running parallel to each other with hydrogen bonds forming cross-linkages between adjacent chains 23 of 23
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