What is observed when reducing sugars is present in Benedicts test?
a warm brick red colour is present
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What do you have to do to non reducing sugars to get the to react with Benedict's solution?
Heat them with hyrdochloric acid then add Benedict's solution - haas been hydrolysed into reducing sugars
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What does iodine test test for?
starch
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What is observed if starch is present in the iodine test?
if solution changes from yellow/orange to dark blue/black
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What is a triglyceride made from?
one glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids
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What bodning do triglycerides have?
ester bonds - the reaction is called esterification (another example of condensation reaction
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What are saturated fatty acids?
fatty acd chains that have NO double bonds present between Carbon atoms
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What are unsaturated fatty acids?
fatty acid WITH double bonds between some carbon atoms - if there is only one double bond it is called monounsaturated - if there are two or more it is called polyunsaturated
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What to the presents of double bonds in fatty acids do to the molecue?
it cause the molecule to kink/bend - cannot pack as tightly together - makes them liquid at room temperature
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What are phospholipds?
modified triglycerides and contain phosphorus as well as carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
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What is a phospholipd made up of?
2 fatty acid chains, a phosphate group and a glyercol molceule.
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What are sterols?
another type of lipid - complex alcohol molecule - have dual hydrophilic/hydrophobic characteristics
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What are the roles of lipids?
-membrane formations & creation of hydrophilic barriers -hormone production - electrical insulation necessary for impulse transmission - waterproofing
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What are the main roles of a trigylceride?
-thermal insulaton to reduce heat loss -cushioning to protect vital organs -buoyancy for aquatic animals
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What is the emulsion test?
is the test for lipids - mixed with ethanol then mixed with water and shaken - if white emulsion forms indicates the presence of a lipid
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What is a peptide bond?
a bond formed between two amino acids- water being produced (condensation reaction)
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When is a polypeptide formed?
when more than two amino acids are joined together by a peptide bond
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What happens during the primary structure of protein synthesis?
the sequence in which amino acids are joined - only peptide bonds
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What happens during the secondary structure of protein synthesis?
oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen atoms interact - hydrogen bonds form within amino acid chain (turns into alpha helix) - OR into a beta sheet
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What happens during the tertiary structure of protein sythesis?
folding of protein into final shape - R-groups interact ( ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds, hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions
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What happens during the quaternary structure of protein synthesis?
interactions between two or more subunits (between different protein molecules)
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What is a globular protein?
spherical, water-soluble proteins
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What are the functions of globular proteins?
regulating chemical reactions, immunity, muscle contraction
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What are conjugated proteins?
globular proteins that contain a non-protein component (prosthetic group)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is observed when reducing sugars is present in Benedicts test?
Back
a warm brick red colour is present
Card 3
Front
What do you have to do to non reducing sugars to get the to react with Benedict's solution?
Back
Card 4
Front
What does iodine test test for?
Back
Card 5
Front
What is observed if starch is present in the iodine test?
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