Biological explanations of anti social behaviour

?
where can brain injury come from?
drug and alcohol abuse, illness - tumours/stroke)
1 of 51
what does ABI stand for?
acquired brain injury
2 of 51
what is the most common for of brain injury?
trauma - NHS (2015) estimate 8.5% of the population suffer from TBI
3 of 51
why is the young brain more vulnerable to injury?
It is prone to risk taking which can lead to problems in attention, concentration and managing mood and behaviour
4 of 51
what part of the brain is most at risk from TBI?
the pre-frontal cortex which is responsible for assessing risk and determining an appropriate response
5 of 51
what could damage to the pre-frontal cortex do?
lead to an aggressive/violent response to a threat which could lead to assalt or social disorder offences
6 of 51
what could damage to the pre-frontal cortex at a young age do?
lead to an inability to learn appropriate social behaviour. they may be unable to learn offences such as shop-lifting, anti-social behaviour, vandalism
7 of 51
what does the amygdala do?
integrative centre for emotional response, emotional behaviour and motivation. essential in fear conditioning and positive emotional learning
8 of 51
what happens when there is increased activity in the right amygdala?
leads to an increased impulsive violent behaviour
9 of 51
what does damage/poor development of the amygdala lead to?
issues with dear conditioning. children who have problems with fear conditioning will fail to learn the negative concequences of anti-social behaviour which could lead to criminal behaviour as they don't have a fear of getting caught
10 of 51
what would children also fail to learn?
that good behaviour is pleasurable and this leads to problems with impulsive control
11 of 51
what did pardini do in 2013?
use neuro-imaging scans on a group of 26 males to see their brain activity
12 of 51
what did he find?
males with lower amygdala volumes were 3x more likely to be aggressive and violent than 26 year old males with a normal sized amygdala
13 of 51
what was a weakness of his research?
other brain areas are implicates. the amygdala does not operate alone which suggests that the influence of the amygdala on crime is difficult to disentangle
14 of 51
what did raine et al find in 1997?
-murderers had lower activity in the left amygdala than controls which is linked to the inhibition of aggression
-higher activity in the right amygdala than controls which is linked to increased aggression and sexual behaviour
15 of 51
how many males are born with the additional Y chromosome?
1/10,000 - it has no effect on testosterone levels or sexual development
16 of 51
what difference to XYY males have than normal ones?
-generally more taller than average
-have a lower intellegence
-can be impulsive and experience behavioural difficulties
17 of 51
examples of XYY men?
-Arthur Showcross murdered 11 women (mainly prostitutes)
-John Wayne Gacy murdered at least 33 young males
18 of 51
who did a study on this?
Stockholm
19 of 51
what did he find?
in 161 males with XYY there was a significant increase in the number of crimes compared to XY controls. This increase was seen in all crimes apart from drug and traffic related crimes
20 of 51
what did he find out about the controlled factors?
he controlled factors: education, fatherhood and relationships he found the differences were very small, apart from arson and sexual abuse which is linked to poor development of the pre-frontal cortex in other studies
21 of 51
what did he conclude?
raised risk of offending by XYY males was due to socio-economic conditions that were related to XYY. The extra Y chromosome was not the direct cause of criminal behaviour
22 of 51
what is personailty?
a way of categorising people; people may not exist outside the label
23 of 51
what is temperament?
the aspects of personality that are deemed to be inate, extraversion and introversion (in our biology) models of personality
24 of 51
what is the 5 factor model?
the five traits: agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, neuretosism and extraversion> thought to be universal found in different cultures made by McCrae and Costa 1990
25 of 51
what is the penscale (Eyesneck 1977)?
anti-social behaviour is said to have levels of psychotisism, neuroticism and extraversion
26 of 51
what is Telleger's 3 factor model?
-positive feelings goes with extraversion
-negative effect feelings goes with neuroticism
=constraint avoidance goes with psychotisism
27 of 51
what is the temparament and character model 993?
anti-social behaviour is linked to low avoidance of harm, high novelty seeking and low dependance on reward
28 of 51
what are the three dimensions of personality according to eyesneck?
-extraversion
-neuroticism
-
29 of 51
what is someone high in extraversion?
sociable, optimistic, popular and might be unreliable
30 of 51
what is someone low in extraversion?
quiet, reserved, reliable and introspective
31 of 51
what is someone high in neuroticism?
moody, unstable, worried and anxious
32 of 51
what is someone low in neuroticism?
even-tempered, calm, emotionally stable and carefree
33 of 51
what is some high in psychoticism?
hostile, socially withdrawn, uncooperative and troublesome
34 of 51
what is someone low in psychoticism?
sociable, empathetic and conventional
35 of 51
what does someone with neuroticism have?
what does someone with neuroticism have?
36 of 51
what evidence is there to support the existence of a criminal type?
Badusik et al investigated Eyesneck's personality traits among repeat offenders
37 of 51
what was the sample of his study?
133 violent and 179 non-violent male prisoners
38 of 51
what did his research show?
suggestion that criminal thinking is correlated with high levels of psychoticism, extraversion and neuroticism
39 of 51
what does it suggest about Eyesneck's study?
it is valid as his personality types are associated with repeat offending
40 of 51
what is wrong with this study?
evidence is not conclusive
41 of 51
what did Farrington et al find?
very little evidence that the EPI was an accurate meausre for predicting offending
42 of 51
what does this suggest about Eyesneck's study?
original ideas may lack validity
43 of 51
what is a weakness of his idea?
there is only one type of criminal personality
44 of 51
what is wrong with the 5 factor model?
it accepts extraversion and intraversion but adds openness, conscientiousness and agreeableness which low levels of are related to offending
45 of 51
what do Liprey and Derion 1998 claim?
that impulsivity is a better predictor of anti-social
behaviour. this research suggests that the criminal personality may be more complicated than Eyesneck suggested
46 of 51
what support is there for the bilogical basis?
there is evidence that criminal personality may be related to the activity of the nervous system
47 of 51
what is the study to support this?
Raine et al (1990) took physiological measures from pps aged 15 and related these to later criminal status.
48 of 51
what did he find?
those with a criminal record 24 year had recorded signs of under arousal in the nervous system at 15 than non-criminal. this suggest that there is a link between biological factors and offending
49 of 51
what application does Eyesneck's theory have to crime?
his theory suggests criminal tendencies can be identified at a young age so if intervention comes early enough, its possible to modify the socialisation process to prevent them from becoming offenders
50 of 51
how can this be done?
delivered at home or in school with support from external agencies
51 of 51

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what does ABI stand for?

Back

acquired brain injury

Card 3

Front

what is the most common for of brain injury?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

why is the young brain more vulnerable to injury?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what part of the brain is most at risk from TBI?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Psychology resources:

PSYA4
See all Psychology resources »See all Criminological and Forensic Psychology resources »