Refer to the idea of an increase in risk of having an eating disorder if a family member has also had one or currently has one.
1 of 15
Genetics - Family AO2
Fyer (1995) found that probands had three times as many relatives who also experienced phobias as normal controls. Solyom (1974) found that 45% of phobic patients had at least one relative with the disorder compared to a rate of 17% of non-phobics.
2 of 15
Genetics - Family AO2
Ost (1989) found that 64% of blood phobics had at least one relative with the same disorder.
3 of 15
Genetics - Twins AO1
Comparisons made between identical twins and non identical twins. Twins enable us to see the extent to which genes play a part - Mz with 100% and Dz with 50%. Meaning a closer concordance rate between Mz twins acts as evidence for a genetic basis.
4 of 15
Genetics - Twins AO2
Togersen (1983) compared Mz and same-sex Dz twins where one twin had an anxiety disorder with panic attacks and found that such disorders were five times more frequent in Mz twin pairs.
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Genetics - Twins AO2
Kenler found a concordance rate of 23% in Bulemia in Mz and 9% in Dz with a heritability rate of 55% - yet still leaving 45% possibly down to other factors.
6 of 15
Genetics - Twins IDA
The studies fail control for shared environmental experiences, meaning the study can lack validity.
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Evolutionary - AO1
Identifies that through natural selection, a behaviour that puts the organism at risk and is maladaptive should be selected out of the human gene pool. A phobia may be an exagerrated form of this normal, adaptive response.
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Evolutionary - AO2
Avoidance response is fast and unconsciously occurring. Equipotent stimuli.
9 of 15
Evolutionary - AO1
Prepardness - Seligman argues a phobia of almpst any stimulus can be learned
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Evolutionary - AO2
Ohman et al (1975) participants could be easily classically conditioned to fear snakes or spides but not flowers.
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Evolutionary - AO2
Mineka - monkeys - more likely to fear snakes over flowers after observing a monkey
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Evolutionary - AO1
Prepotency - feel anxiety before rather than after the event.
13 of 15
Evolutionary - AO2
Ohman and Soares (1994) - masked pictures - participants who were fearful of snkaes or spiders showed greater GSR when briefly shown masked images compared to viewing neutral pictures.
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Evolutionary - IDA
Evolutionary theory is reductionist as it can easily explain ancient phobias through predisposition and innate tendencies. But not applicable to phobias such as buttons or foods.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Fyer (1995) found that probands had three times as many relatives who also experienced phobias as normal controls. Solyom (1974) found that 45% of phobic patients had at least one relative with the disorder compared to a rate of 17% of non-phobics.
Back
Genetics - Family AO2
Card 3
Front
Ost (1989) found that 64% of blood phobics had at least one relative with the same disorder.
Back
Card 4
Front
Comparisons made between identical twins and non identical twins. Twins enable us to see the extent to which genes play a part - Mz with 100% and Dz with 50%. Meaning a closer concordance rate between Mz twins acts as evidence for a genetic basis.
Back
Card 5
Front
Togersen (1983) compared Mz and same-sex Dz twins where one twin had an anxiety disorder with panic attacks and found that such disorders were five times more frequent in Mz twin pairs.
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