contains: neutron, proton, elctrons. They are tiny particles that make up everything else
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Molecule
2 non-metals, bond covalently, share outer electrons
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Element
cannot be broken into simpler substances. Most abunant = hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen = 99% in living organisms
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organic
contains carbon and hydrogen. produced by living organisms, so only found in them
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inorganic
minerals, water, anything not organic
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2 sub groups of inorganic
micronutrients, macronutrients
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micronutrients
needed in trace concentrations eg. copper and zinc
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macronutrients
needed in small concentrations
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magnesium
forms part of chlorophyll, enzyme cofactor
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iron
forms part of haemoglobin, part of cytochrome pigments used in respration
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phosphate
found in phospholipids, found in nucleic acids, found in ATP
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calcium
strengthens tissues eg. bones, teeth & cell wall
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water
inorganic, 69-95% of fresh mass of living organisms, all reactions of life rely on water, large number of key elements are found in solution
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water molecules are nuteral, so...
no overall charge (1o, 2h)
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water is polar molecule, soo..
has a slightly negative end (not oxygen end), slight positive end (oxygen end), dipoles, liquid at room temp
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forces that hold oxygen and hydrogen together are called
intERmolecular force
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forces that hold molecules together
intAmolecular force
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why molecules attracted together?
dipoles
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why are lots of hydrogen bonds stronger than one?
more energy needed to break all bonds
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lots of molecules form what structure?
string lattice structure
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sticky nature of water called
cohesion
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roles of water
cohesion, solvent, maintain temp, coolant, transparency, metabolite, high density
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cohesion why?
allows water drawn up xylem, produces surface tension, so less dense things can be supported (pond skaters)
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solvent of what
solvent for polar/ionic things which have electrostatic charge and are attracted to dipoles, sodium chloride dissolve and ions seperate + form hydrogen bonds w/ wtaer
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why solvent?
allows chemical reactions to take place in solution, transport medium
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how manitains temp?
high specific heat capacity - requires lots of energy to raise 1kg by 1c
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why maintin temp good?
avpids sudden change in temp ehich upset chemical reactions, those who live in water dont have large temp fluctuations
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Molecule
Back
2 non-metals, bond covalently, share outer electrons
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