BIOL UNIT 2 & 3

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what is osmosis?
the net moment of water from a dilute area to a concentrated area along a concentration gradient.
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what is active transport?
the movement of substances against a concentration gradient across a cell membrane using energy,
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what is diffusion?
the net movement of particles of a gas or solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration along a concentration gradient
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what are 3 examples of active transport?
ions being absorbed from soil by root hair cells. glucose being reabsorbed into blood from kidney tubule. glucose into blood from small intestine.
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what are examples of osmosis?
root hair cells absorb water.
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examples of diffusion?
diffusion of oxygen out of alveolus in lungs into surrounding blood.
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what are some disadvantages of a kidney transplant?
kidney may be rejected if anti-gens are not recognised by body. immunosupresent drugs are required. finding donor is long.
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what are some advantages of kidney a transplant?
no need to control diet. more freedom.
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what are some disadvantages of dialysis?
regular sessions (every 2-3 days). long sessions (6-8 hours). less freedom. careful diet required.
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what are some advantages of dialysis?
more available than donors. no drugs taken.
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what substances do not fit through the partially permeable membrane in the dialysis machine/kidney?
red blood cells and proteins.
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what substances go through the membrane in the dialysis machine/kidney membrane?
mineral ions. water. urea. glucose
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which substances are reabsorbed?
all glucose. mineral ions and water needed by body.
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how does a dialysis machine work?
low conc of urea in dialysis fluid and high conc in blood. urea diffuses out of blood. dialysis fluid has same conc of glucose to ensure no diffusion/net movement. dialysis fluid must keep moving to keep low conc of urea.
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what is mesophyll tissue made from and what does it do?
made from palaside cells and it is responsible for most photosynthesis.
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what are some disadvantages of embryonic stem cells being used?
ethical reasons. e.g killing humans. murder. no right to interfere. violates sanctity of life.
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what are some advantages of embryonic stem cells being used?
saves lives. saves costs. cures diseases.
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what is meant by a 'recessive allele'?
characteristic will only show up in offspring if both alleles are inherited.
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what is meant by a 'dominant allele'?
characteristic will show up in offspring even if only one is inherited.
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what is meant by an 'allele'?
a version of a specific gene.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what is active transport?

Back

the movement of substances against a concentration gradient across a cell membrane using energy,

Card 3

Front

what is diffusion?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what are 3 examples of active transport?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what are examples of osmosis?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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