BIOL 1 key Q&A - Cells

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  • Created by: Anna
  • Created on: 02-05-13 20:51
What is the function of mitochondria?
Site of respiration, Releases energy in the form of ATP
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What is the function of RER?
Site of protein synthesis.
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What happens to amino acids in the RER?
Amino acids are joned together with peptide bonds to form proteins, proteins are distributed throughout the cytoplasm.
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How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells?
No nucleus, DNA in a loop or ring, Do not divide by mitosis, Smaller Ribosome, No membrane bound organelles such as mitochondria, lysosomes, ER, chloroplasts... smaller ribosomes, may be enclosed in a capsule.
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Describe how the nucleus, RER, and Golgi are involved in producing and secreting proteins?
The nucleus contains chromosomes which code for the sequence of amino acids in the proteins, The RER assemble the proteins, Golgi stores chemically modifies and secretes the proteins.
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Explain why it is possible to see more detail when using an electron microscope.
Electron microscope has a higher resolution, higher magnification, due to electrons having a shorter wavelegth.
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Explain why a feature may appear uniformly black in a micrograph?
Same affinity for heavy metal stain, uniform because it is made of a single substance, black because electrons do not pass through.
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Explain why some cell organelles may have an unusual shape in electron micrographs?
Due to different planes the sections are taken from.
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Advantages of TEM
1. Small objects can be seen. 2. TEM has high resolution. 3. Wavelength of electrons shorter.
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Disadvantages of TEM.
1. Must be in a vacuum 2. Therefore cannot look at living cells 3. Must be cut section/thin specimen 4. Preparation may create artefact 5. Does not produce colour image.
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Some liver tissue was ground, filtered and centrifuged to make a suspension of an organelle. Explain why the solution in which the liver tissue was ground should be ice-cold and isotonic.
Prevents enzymes becoming denatured/prevents self-digestion, Prevents osmosis, so organelle does not burst or shrivel.
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The grond liver was centrifuged at low speed, pellet that formed at bottom was thrown away, supernatant centrifuged again at higher speed. Explain why it was necessary to first centrifuge ground liver @ low speed to obtain a suspension of mitochondr
To remove organelle nuclei, which are larger/heavier/more dense
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Phospholipids are arranged in a bilayer in a plasma membrane. Explain how the properties of fatty acid tails explain this arrangement.
Hydrophobic tails, tails face inwards/away from water
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An optical microscope cannt be used to see a plasma membrane. Explain why.
Does not have the resolution, as lght has longer wavelenth
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People with mitochondrial disease have mitochondria that do not function properly. Some people with mitochondrial disease can only exercise for a short time. Explain why.
Mitochondria use aerobic respiration to produce ATP, ATP required for muscles to contract.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the function of RER?

Back

Site of protein synthesis.

Card 3

Front

What happens to amino acids in the RER?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Describe how the nucleus, RER, and Golgi are involved in producing and secreting proteins?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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