Biol 1 DNA & Variation flashcards 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyDNA, genetics and evolutionA2/A-levelAQA Created by: EmilyyCreated on: 16-03-14 11:51 Gene Sequence of DNA molecule that codes for a protein 1 of 19 Allele Variation of a gene e.g. blood type 2 of 19 Locus Location of a gene on a chromosome 3 of 19 Triplet Codes for an amino acid 4 of 19 Protein Chain of amino acids joined together in a specific order, different proteins have different sequences of amino acids 5 of 19 Introns Don't code for the amino acid - they are removed during protein synthesis 6 of 19 Exons Do code the amino acid - they are exported 7 of 19 Mutation Change in DNA sequence - can produce new alleles 8 of 19 Substitution mutation a base changes into another base e.g. A to G 9 of 19 Insertion/deletion mutation When a base is added or deleted from the DNA, it causes a 'frameshift' which is likely to affect all the following amino acids in the sequence 10 of 19 Mutagenic agent Something that causes a mutation e.g. UV or nuclear radiation 11 of 19 Inter specific variation Variation that exists between members of DIFFERENT species 12 of 19 Intra specific variation Variation that exists between members of the SAME species 13 of 19 Genotype The specific combination of alleles possessed by an organism (Tt=tall, t=short, genotype=Tt) 14 of 19 Phenotype Physical/visual appearance of the genotype Tt=genotype Tall=phenotype 15 of 19 Polygenic Phenotype/trait controlled by more than one gene (continuous variation) 16 of 19 Monogenic Phenotype/trait controlled by a single gene e.g. sex (catergoric) 17 of 19 Statistical tests Prove that trend is significant = didn't occur due to chance 18 of 19 Standard deviation measure of how spread out the data is e.g. large deviation = greater spread 19 of 19
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