Non-living (components include temperature and rainfall).
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Biotic
Living (components include competition and predation).
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Biosphere
Life supporting layer of land, air and water that surrounds the Earth.
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Ecosystem
More or less self-contained functional units made up of all the interacting BIOTIC and ABIOTIC factors in a specific area.
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Population
A group of individuals of the same species that occupy the same habitat at the same time.
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Community
All the populations of different organisms living and interacting in a particular place at the same time.
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Habitat
The place where an organism usually lives, which is characterised by physical conditions and the species of other organisms present.
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Micorhabitats
A smaller unit within a habitat with its own microclimate.
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Ecological Niche
All conditions and resources required for an organism to survive, reproduce and maintain a viable population. Where an organism lives and what it does there.
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Abundance
The number of individuals of a species in a given space.
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Random sampling
A method used to avoid bias in collecting data. Quadrats and randomly generated numbers are used.
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Systematic Sampling along transects
Used to measure the abundance and distribution of a species in a non random manner. Particularly important where some form of transition in the communities of plants and animals takes place.
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Frequency
The likelihood of a particular species occurring in a quadrat. Gives quick idea of species present and their general distribution within the area. Doesn't provide info on density and detailed distribution of a species.
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Percentage Cover
An estimate of the area within a quadrat that a particular plant species covers. Useful where a species is particularly abundant or is difficult to count. Less useful where organisms occur in many overlapping layers. Quick and easy to do.
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Mark-release-recapture techniques
Known no. of animals caught, marked in some way (marking pens, tags), and then released back into community. Some time later, a given no. of individuals is collected and no. of marked individuals is recorded.
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Population Size
No. of individuals in a population.
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Limiting Factor
A variable that limits the rate of a chemical reaction.
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Intraspecific Competition
Competition between members of the same species for resources such as food, water, breeding sites etc.
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Interspecific Competition
Competition between member of different species for resources such as food, light, water etc. Where populations of 2 species occupy the same niche, one usually has a competitive advantage.
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Predator
An organism that feeds on another organism.
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Prey
An organism that is fed upon by another organism.
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Selection Pressure
The environmental force altering the frequency of alleles in a population.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Living (components include competition and predation).
Back
Biotic
Card 3
Front
Life supporting layer of land, air and water that surrounds the Earth.
Back
Card 4
Front
More or less self-contained functional units made up of all the interacting BIOTIC and ABIOTIC factors in a specific area.
Back
Card 5
Front
A group of individuals of the same species that occupy the same habitat at the same time.
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